分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 18 - 1570 m (Ref. 5951), usually 45 - 366 m (Ref. 6263). 溫帶; 2°C - 6°C (Ref. 6263); 70°N - 36°N, 79°W - 26°E
Western Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence and Grand Banks in Canada to North Carolina in USA; Eastern Atlantic: Northern Spain to northern Norway (Ref. 7251).
東大西洋: 北方西班牙到挪威北部。 西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大到北卡羅萊那州的聖勞倫斯灣與大岸灘.(參考文獻 7251)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 30.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4705); 最大体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 6263)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 95 - 120; 臀鳍软条: 85 - 102. Pectoral fin of eyed side shorter than head. Distal part of pectoral fin blackish (Ref. 232). Large mucus pores on the blind side of the head. Uniform coloration, rough scales. Body elongated with complete straight lateral line (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
有眼睛的一边短于头部的胸鳍。 胸鳍的末梢部部份黑色的.(参考文献 232) 在头部的没有眼睛的一边上的大的黏液孔。 均匀的颜色, 粗糙鳞片。 身体以完全的直侧线延长。 (参考文献 35388)
Inhabits soft mud bottoms in fairly deep water (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on crustaceans, polychaetes, brittle stars (Ref. 9988) and fishes (Ref. 58426). Marketed fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
在相当深的水栖息于软泥底。 吃甲壳动物，多毛类动物与海星。 生鲜或冷冻地在市场上销售; 清蒸, 油炸, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Eggs and larvae are pelagic.東大西洋: 北方西班牙到挪威北部。 西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大到北卡羅萊那州的聖勞倫斯灣與大岸灘.(參考文獻 7251)
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 0.6 - 11.4, mean 7 °C (based on 1302 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00357 - 0.00559), b=3.08 (3.01 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.5 (4.8 - 9.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15-0.2; tmax=25).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 8 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.1 [10.1, 45.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.120, 0.463] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.4, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.18, 0.76] g/100g; Selenium = 26.6 [13.3, 56.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.58 [1.93, 36.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.455 [0.302, 0.676] mg/100g (wet weight);
