Environment: milieu / climate zone / rango de profundidad / distribution range
Ecología
marino demersal; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 18 - 1570 m (Ref. 5951), usually 45 - 366 m (Ref. 6263). Temperate; 2°C - 6°C (Ref. 6263); 70°N - 36°N, 79°W - 26°E
Western Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence and Grand Banks in Canada to North Carolina in USA; Eastern Atlantic: Northern Spain to northern Norway (Ref. 7251).
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Madurez: Lm 30.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 4705); peso máximo publicado: 2.5 kg (Ref. 35388); edad máxima reportada: 25 años (Ref. 6263)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 95 - 120; Radios blandos anales: 85 - 102. Pectoral fin of eyed side shorter than head. Distal part of pectoral fin blackish (Ref. 232). Large mucus pores on the blind side of the head. Uniform coloration, rough scales. Body elongated with complete straight lateral line (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabits soft mud bottoms in fairly deep water (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on crustaceans, polychaetes, brittle stars (Ref. 9988) and fishes (Ref. 58426). Marketed fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Eggs and larvae are pelagic.
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: comercial
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Referencia
123201): 0.6 - 11.4, mean 7 °C (based on 1302 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00357 - 0.00559), b=3.08 (3.01 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.5 (4.8 - 9.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.15-0.2; tmax=25).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 8 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.1 [10.1, 45.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.120, 0.463] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.4, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.18, 0.76] g/100g; Selenium = 26.6 [13.3, 56.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.58 [1.93, 36.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.455 [0.302, 0.676] mg/100g (wet weight);
