分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders)
鰈科 (Righteye flounders) > Microstominae
Etymology: Glyptocephalus: Greek, glyptes = carver + Greek, kephale = head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 18 - 1570 m (Ref. 5951), usually 45 - 366 m (Ref. 6263). 溫帶; 2°C - 6°C (Ref. 6263); 70°N - 36°N, 79°W - 26°E
Western Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence and Grand Banks in Canada to North Carolina in USA; Eastern Atlantic: Northern Spain to northern Norway (Ref. 7251).
東大西洋: 北方西班牙到挪威北部。 西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大到北卡羅萊那州的聖勞倫斯灣與大岸灘.(參考文獻 7251)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 30.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4705); 最大體重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年齡: 25 年 (Ref. 6263)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 95 - 120; 臀鰭軟條: 85 - 102. Pectoral fin of eyed side shorter than head. Distal part of pectoral fin blackish (Ref. 232). Large mucus pores on the blind side of the head. Uniform coloration, rough scales. Body elongated with complete straight lateral line (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
有眼睛的一邊短於頭部的胸鰭。 胸鰭的末梢部部份黑色的.(參考文獻 232) 在頭部的沒有眼睛的一邊上的大的黏液孔。 均勻的顏色, 粗糙鱗片。 身體以完全的直側線延長。 (參考文獻 35388)
Inhabits soft mud bottoms in fairly deep water (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on crustaceans, polychaetes, brittle stars (Ref. 9988) and fishes (Ref. 58426). Marketed fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
在相當深的水棲息於軟泥底。 (參考文獻 9988) 底棲的.(參考文獻 58426) 吃甲殼動物，多毛類動物，海星 (參考文獻 9988) 與魚。 (參考文獻 58426) 生鮮或冷凍地在市場上銷售; 清蒸, 油炸, 微波.而且燒烤..(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs and larvae are pelagic.東大西洋: 北方西班牙到挪威北部。 西大西洋: 在美國的加拿大到北卡羅萊那州的聖勞倫斯灣與大岸灘.(參考文獻 7251)
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 0.6 - 11.4, mean 7 °C (based on 1302 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00357 - 0.00559), b=3.08 (3.01 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.5 (4.8 - 9.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15-0.2; tmax=25).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 8 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.1 [10.1, 45.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.120, 0.463] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.4, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.18, 0.76] g/100g; Selenium = 26.6 [13.3, 56.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.58 [1.93, 36.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.455 [0.302, 0.676] mg/100g (wet weight);
