Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); oceanodromus (Ref. 51243). Subtropical
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, South Africa, Australia. Introduced (Lessepsian) in eastern Mediterranean, Israel, Lebanon, Iskenderun, Mersin, Aegean Sea.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.4 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 96317); 43.1 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5450); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.1 kg (Ref. 127374)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 12 - 13; Sirip dubur lunak: 10 - 12.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Essentially an inhabitant of marine waters, but enters the mouths of rivers (Ref. 4833). Several organs are very toxic, potentially lethal to humans (Ref. 43448).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Tortonese, E., 1979. Tetraodontidae. p. 645-646. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2730)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 21.4 - 28.4, mean 26.8 °C (based on 1189 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02188 (0.01728 - 0.02770), b=2.87 (2.83 - 2.91), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
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