分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) >
Rhinidae (Wedgefishes)
Etymology: Rhynchobatus: Greek, rhingchos = snout + Greek, batis, -idos = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 75 m (Ref. 106604). 熱帶; 35°N - 35°S, 22°E - 83°E
Western Indian Ocean: restricted to the Red Sea and the tropical western Indian Ocean to South Africa. Also reported from Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964). Apparently misidentified with closely related species in the northern and eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific (however, Ref. 5978 seems to present a reliable record from western Indonesia).
西印度洋: 侷限於紅海與熱帶的西印度洋到南非了。 顯然地在印度洋北部與東部與西太平洋中被誤鑑成近親魚種了。 (然而, 參考文獻 5978 似乎呈現來自印尼西部的一個可靠的記錄)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ?, range 177 - ? cm
Max length : 310 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5578); 最大体重: 227.0 kg (Ref. 3919)
A large guitarfish with large black eyespots on the pectoral bases, a distinctive black cross between the eyes, and rows of small white spots on the upper body; snout pointed and lower caudal lobe short (Ref. 5578). Olive-green above, white below (Ref. 5578). Mouths small and contain flattened, pavement-like teeth.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
一个大的犁头鳐用大的黑色眼斑在胸鳍基底上, 在身体上半部上的眼 , 和列的白色小斑点之间的一个特殊的黑色十字; 吻尖而下尾部的叶短.(参考文献 5578) 橄榄绿色的上方, 腹面白色的.(参考文献 5578) 嘴小的而且包含平又平铺的齿。
Occurs inshore and in shallow estuaries (Ref. 5578). Feeds on crabs, lobsters, bivalves, small fishes (Ref. 5578) and squids (Ref. 37816). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Takes crayfish and pilchard bait. Meat and fins sought after in Asian markets (Ref. 30573).
生活于近海与在水浅的河口中.(参考文献 5578) 吃螃蟹，龙虾，二枚贝，小鱼 (参考文献 5578) 与乌贼。 (参考文献 37816) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 采取小龙虾与沙丁鱼诱饵。 肉口味极佳。 鳍在亚洲市场中追求。 (参考文献 30573)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With 4 young, about 43-60 cm in length (Ref. 37816), born in the summer (Ref. 3919).西印度洋: 侷限於紅海與熱帶的西印度洋到南非了。 顯然地在印度洋北部與東部與西太平洋中被誤鑑成近親魚種了。 (然而, 參考文獻 5978 似乎呈現來自印尼西部的一個可靠的記錄)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1986. Rhinobatidae. p. 128-131. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3919)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
极度濒危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 03 December 2018
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 24.5 - 29.3, mean 27.1 °C (based on 304 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5024 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00163 - 0.00845), b=3.11 (2.91 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.69 [1.43, 29.34] mg/100g; Iron = 0.324 [0.076, 0.901] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.7, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.0794 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 43.4 [12.2, 120.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.3 [6.7, 58.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.733 [0.359, 1.509] mg/100g (wet weight);
