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Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Exocoetidae (Flyingfishes)
Etymology: Parexocoetus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, exos = outside + Greek, koite = hole (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range
Ecologia
marino pelagic-neritic; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 20 m. Tropical; 30°N - 23°S, 20°E - 178°W
Indo-Pacific: widespread from East Africa, including the Red Sea and the Gulf, to southern Japan, Marshall Islands, Fiji, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and Queensland, Australia. Lessepsian migrant to the Mediterranean (Ref. 6523). Presence in Somalia to be confirmed (Ref. 30573). Records from the Atlantic (as Parexocoetus mento atlanticus) are in error.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturità: Lm ? range ? - 13 cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 2797)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 9 - 12; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 10 - 12. Dorsal fin mostly blackish; pectorals and caudal greyish, other fins transparent (Ref. 2797).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Found in near-shore surface waters, never spread to open sea (Ref. 9839). Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding above the surface (Ref. 30573).
Most die after a single spawning (Ref. 205).
Parin, N.V., 1996. On the species composition of flying fishes (Exocoetidae) in the West-Central part of tropical Pacific. J. Ichthyol. 36(5):357-364. (Ref. 27313)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 25.9 - 29.1, mean 28.5 °C (based on 4012 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00288 - 0.01384), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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