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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335); chrysochloris: From the words chryso, meaning gold and chloris, meaning green (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau pelagic-neritic; anadromus (ruaya dari laut ke air tawar) (Ref. 51243). Subtropical; 45°N - 23°N, 100°W - 82°W (Ref. 188)
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (from Corpus Christi in Texas eastward to Pensacola in Florida; also in rivers, e.g. Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to Minnesota, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania).
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 188); common length : 37.5 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 188); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.7 kg (Ref. 4699); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 4 Tahun (Ref. 12193)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; Duri dubur: 0. Belly with a distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw not rising steeply within mouth; teeth prominent at front of lower jaw. Lower gill rakers slender. Back bluish green, abruptly changing to silver on flank; no dark spot at shoulder. Closely resembles A. mediocris of Atlantic coasts, which has no upper and weak lower jaw teeth, a dark shoulder spot and the body deeper than head length (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Generally present in coastal marine water (Ref. 37039). Enter brackish- and freshwaters, but perhaps not always or not consistently anadromous (Ref. 188), although strongly migratory within rivers (Ref. 10294) , mostly in fast-flowing water where they are renowned for leaping. Feed on small fishes, the juveniles on insects. Spawning times and places not certain. Adults serve as hosts to the larvae (glochidia) of the economically valuable pearly mussel (Fusconaia ebena) of the Mississippi basin (Ref. 188).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 23.1 - 24.6, mean 23.9 °C (based on 126 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00344 - 0.01007), b=3.03 (2.89 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.9 ±0.63 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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