Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 25 - 150 m (Ref. 106604). Temperate
Northwest Pacific: Japan to the East China Sea.
Size / Vikt / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 106604)
Sublittoral on sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 11230). Depth range given by H. Ishihara (pers.comm. 07/07). Feed on invertebrates and bony fishes (Ref. 9908). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 4.9-5.4 cm long and 2.5-2.9 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41253).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Oviparous (Ref. 9908). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.8 - 23.7, mean 21.1 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.6 [3.0, 82.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.296 [0.079, 0.831] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [14.5, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.975 [0.309, 3.534] g/100g; Selenium = 7.51 [2.32, 23.13] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.4 [6.5, 67.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.54 [0.26, 0.98] mg/100g (wet weight);
