Klassifizierung / Names
Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
In genus Planiliza (Durand et al., 2015: Ref. 114224).
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser pelagic-neritic; katadrom (Ref. 46888); tiefenbereich 5 - 10 m (Ref. 559). Temperate; 53°N - 18°N, 105°E - 146°E
Northwest Pacific: Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan; Amur River southward to Xiamen through the Korean Peninsula (Ref. 41299). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 9706). Introduced in the Aegean Sea (Ref. 113897), Black Sea and the Mediterranean (Ref. 101091).
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 56557); common length : 50.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9137); max. veröff. Gewicht: 5.0 kg (Ref. 56557)
Kurzbeschreibung
Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie
Adults inhabit shallow coastal waters as well as freshwater regions of rivers (Ref. 41299). Very common in the rivers discharging into Peter the Great Bay; enter freshwater. Juveniles spend their first year in freshwater then migrate to sea to breed (Ref. 59043). Large concentrations of fry-of-the-year measuring 3.1-6.2 cm in the mouths of rivers in August. Length in the Black Sea is usually 20-30 cm but may reach 43 cm; length in the Atlantic Ocean may reach 50 cm (Ref. 2058). Omnivorous (Ref. 9137). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Alien Invasive: In Azov Sea, it is now the most abundant mugilid species. Along shores of Black Sea, its expansion corresponds to a sharp decline of native species of Mugilidae, which it apparently replaces (Ref. 59043).
Juveniles spend their first year in freshwater then migrate to sea to breed (Ref. 59043). Also Ref. 205.
Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993. Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 20.2 - 25, mean 22.4 °C (based on 103 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00620 - 0.01405), b=2.95 (2.83 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.19 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (0.13-0.23; tm=2-5;).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.5 [13.5, 102.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.427 [0.194, 0.861] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.2, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.703 [0.309, 1.611] g/100g; Selenium = 8.06 [3.41, 19.24] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.2 [2.5, 43.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.550, 1.305] mg/100g (wet weight);