Issue
In genus Planiliza (Durand et al., 2015: Ref. 114224).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور pelagic-neritic; دريا كوچ (Ref. 46888); تغييرات عمق 5 - 10 m (Ref. 559). Temperate; 53°N - 18°N, 105°E - 146°E
Northwest Pacific: Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan; Amur River southward to Xiamen through the Korean Peninsula (Ref. 41299). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 9706). Introduced in the Aegean Sea (Ref. 113897), Black Sea and the Mediterranean (Ref. 101091).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 56557); common length : 50.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9137); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 5.0 kg (Ref. 56557)
Adults inhabit shallow coastal waters as well as freshwater regions of rivers (Ref. 41299). Very common in the rivers discharging into Peter the Great Bay; enter freshwater. Juveniles spend their first year in freshwater then migrate to sea to breed (Ref. 59043). Large concentrations of fry-of-the-year measuring 3.1-6.2 cm in the mouths of rivers in August. Length in the Black Sea is usually 20-30 cm but may reach 43 cm; length in the Atlantic Ocean may reach 50 cm (Ref. 2058). Omnivorous (Ref. 9137). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Alien Invasive: In Azov Sea, it is now the most abundant mugilid species. Along shores of Black Sea, its expansion corresponds to a sharp decline of native species of Mugilidae, which it apparently replaces (Ref. 59043).
Juveniles spend their first year in freshwater then migrate to sea to breed (Ref. 59043). Also Ref. 205.
Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993. Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 20.2 - 25, mean 22.4 °C (based on 103 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00620 - 0.01405), b=2.95 (2.83 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 2.5 ±0.19 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (0.13-0.23; tm=2-5;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.5 [13.5, 102.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.427 [0.194, 0.861] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.2, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.703 [0.309, 1.611] g/100g; Selenium = 8.06 [3.41, 19.24] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.2 [2.5, 43.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.550, 1.305] mg/100g (wet weight);
