Gymnura japonica, Japanese butterflyray : fisheries

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Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)

Japanese butterflyray
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Gymnura japonica   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Gymnura japonica
Picture by The Fish Database of Taiwan

Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກອ່ອນ (ເຊັ່ນ: ປາສະຫລາມ, ປາຜາໄລ) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ. Tropical

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | ຈຸດໃດໜຶ່ງທີ່ສະແດງອອກໃນແຜນທີ່ (ພ້ອມທັງສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນເພີ້ນເຕີມ) | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the China seas. Possibly in Thailand (Ref. 9918). Reported from India (Ref. 45255).

Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm 57.0, range 55 - 59 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 637)

ຊີວະສາດ     ຄຳແປສັບ (ຕ.ຢ. epibenthic)

Inhabits sandy or muddy bottom in shallow waters (Ref. 11230). Feeds on benthic animals. Spines covered with skin with poisonous glands. Ovoviviparous. Used as 'kamaboko' material (Ref. 637). Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets.Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048).

Life cycle and mating behavior ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gives birth to ~3 pups; born between 20-22 cm WD (Ref.58048).

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ : McEachran, John | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Vulnerable (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 29 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Venomous (Ref. 637)





Human uses

ການປະມົງ: bycatch
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ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

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ອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ
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Food rations
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Home ranges
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ຕົວວັດແທກການເຕີບໃຫຍ່
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Spawning aggregations
ໄຂ່
Egg development
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 123201): 17.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1500 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00351 - 0.01718), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 69278):  3.8   ±0.61 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 120179):  ຕຳ່ຫຼາຍ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າຫຼາຍກວ່າ 14 ປີ (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.