分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
鰩科 (Skates)
Etymology: Dipturus: Greek, di = two + Greek, pteryx = fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 70 - 1461 m (Ref. 114953), usually ? - 200 m (Ref. 114953). 深水域; 65°N - 11°N, 19°W - 36°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Atlantic: central Norway to Senegal, including the Faeroes, Skagerrak, Mediterranean, and the Canary and Madeira islands.
東大西洋: 挪威中部到塞內加爾, 包括法羅群島，史卡基拉克海域，地中海 , 與加那利群島與馬得拉群島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4426)
Found in deeper slope waters (Ref. 4426), but mainly around 200 m (Ref. 3167, Ref. 114953). Found on sand and sand-rock bottoms (Ref. 6808). Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167), mainly cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 114953). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 6808. Become sexually mature at a length of about 120 cm (Ref. 35388); young hatch at ca. 17 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Breeds in spring and early summer (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 14.0-23.5 cm long and 11.0-12.0 cm wide (Ref. 41251, 41304).
發現於較深的斜坡水域 (參考文獻 4426)了, 但是主要地大約 200 公尺.(參考文獻 3167) 棲息於沙子與砂岩底了。 (參考文獻 6808) 捕食各種的底部動物。 (參考文獻 3167) 最小深度報告取自參考文獻 6808. 在大約 120 公分的長度時性成熟了。 (參考文獻 35388) 卵生的。 明顯的成對出現。 幼魚可能傾向跟隨大的個體, 例如他們的母親.(參考文獻 205) 卵為長方形鞘囊具有僵硬的觸角沈積在沙灘或泥灘的角落.(參考文獻 205) 卵鞘是 14.0-23.5 公分長與 11.0-12.0 公分寬的.(參考文獻 41251,41304)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Egg cases laid from spring to early summer (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 挪威中部到塞內加爾, 包括法羅群島，史卡基拉克海域，地中海 , 與加那利群島與馬得拉群島。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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特別的報告
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 5.4 - 14.4, mean 10.2 °C (based on 239 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00138 (0.00118 - 0.00161), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming tm>5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 3.09 [0.44, 60.75] mg/100g; Iron = 0.268 [0.026, 3.558] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [13.2, 17.3] %; Omega3 = 0.393 [0.162, 0.962] g/100g; Selenium = 20.7 [3.7, 95.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.17 [0.23, 43.29] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.251 [0.017, 3.009] mg/100g (wet weight);
