分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Scaridae (Parrotfishes)
鸚哥魚科 (Parrotfishes) > Scarinae
Etymology: Scarus: Greek, skaros = a fish described by anciente writers as a parrot fish; 1601 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 36 m (Ref. 5227). 熱帶; 30°N - 27°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa south to Durban, South Africa (Ref. 5490) and east to the Tuamoto Islands, north to the Ryukyu and Hawaiian islands, south to Shark Bay, Western Australia and the southern Great Barrier Reef. Excluding Rapa and Austral Islands (Ref. 86689). Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 5227).
印度-太平洋: 東非南至南非的德爾班 (參考文獻 5490) 而且東至 Tuamoto 島, 北至琉球與夏威夷群島, 南至鯊魚灣，西澳大利亞與大堡礁的南方。 東太平洋: 加州灣到加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 5227)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2334); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 42001)
背棘 (總數) : 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: 6 median predorsal scales; 3 scale rows on cheek 1(5-7), 2(5-7), 3(1-3); pectoral-fin rays 14-16 (usually 15); conical teeth on side, 0-1 on upper dental plate of female, 1-3 on terminal male; lips mainly covering half or more of dental plates; terminal male with angular snout profile; caudal fin slightly emarginate in female, lunate with prolonged lobes in terminal male. Colour of male with distinct bicolour pattern, brownish to dark green on head and anterior body and lighter green on posterior portion; female reddish brown to grey with small black spots and irregular black lines and white flakes on body (Ref. 9793, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
一些地理的變化。 印尼成魚通常有較深色的前半部，那是在晚上清晰的進入一條寬的灰白條紋.(參考文獻 48636) 雄性發育一個隆起的前額。
Occurs solitary or in pairs in seaward reefs (Ref. 90102). Usually over rocky or coral substrates, at boulder-strewn slopes at the base of high-island cliffs where it may occur in large schools. Large adult usually on upper parts of deep slopes, but seen to about 35 m depth (Ref. 48636). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on benthic algae (Ref. 30573). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). An uncommon species (Ref. 9338).
出現於臨海礁石。 通常在岩石的上面或者珊瑚底部, 在高聳的島嶼懸崖的基底圓石散佈的斜坡在那裡它可能大群出現。 大的成魚通常在深處的斜坡上部上, 但是見到到大約 35 公尺深.(參考文獻 48636) 吃水底的藻類。 (參考文獻 30573) 一個雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 55367) 一個稀有的種.(參考文獻 9338)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Sex change occurs at 37.4 cm TL and 13 years of age (Ref. 55367).印度-太平洋: 東非南至南非的德爾班 (參考文獻 5490) 而且東至 Tuamoto 島, 北至琉球與夏威夷群島, 南至鯊魚灣，西澳大利亞與大堡礁的南方。 東太平洋: 加州灣到加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 5227)
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 September 2009
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 24.9 - 29.3, mean 28.3 °C (based on 3457 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00862 - 0.01925), b=3.10 (2.98 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=20; K >0.30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31 [20, 55] mg/100g; Iron = 0.733 [0.512, 1.100] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.7, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0845 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 24.3 [15.5, 38.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.9 [8.9, 101.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.87 [1.42, 2.42] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
