Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 9 - 1210 m (Ref. 9872), usually 200 - 500 m (Ref. 3583). Subtropical; 43°N - 35°S
Eastern Atlantic: Madeira and the Canary Islands to Senegal, Gulf of Guinea and South Africa. Western Atlantic: southern Scotian Shelf, Canada to Greater Antilles, western Caribbean, Panama and northern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 7334). Indo-Pacific: off Natal (South Africa), Bay of Bengal, southern Australia, Chatham Plateau around New Zealand, and the Philippines (Ref. 4181). Also in northern South America (Moore, pers. comm.).
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3695); common length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3695)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 7 - 8; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 13 - 14; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 11 - 12. Head with a concave forehead profile and with large mucous cavities covered by tough skin; mouth large and oblique; opercle and preopercle each with a large strong spine; body deep, about 2.1 times in SL; ventral keel with 10 - 14 very robust scutes; caudal fin forked but rounded. Color of head and body is dusky pink, sides with silvery tinge, fins red; tongue and gill cavity blackish; palate white to red (Ref. 7331). Pale beet red to light rosy. Back light red to brownish red, lower sides light silvery gray (Ref. 37108).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Lives close to or on the bottom of the upper continental slope. Prefers hard substrates. Young specimens feed on small shrimps and fish (Ref. 4784). A deep sea species, nonetheless, the young are often found near the coast (Ref. 9137). Utilized as fishmeal and source of oil in eastern central Atlantic (Ref. 3695).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Maul, G.E., 1990. Trachichthyidae. p. 620-622. In J.C. Quéro, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3583)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 8.1 - 18.7, mean 12.2 °C (based on 848 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00885 - 0.02590), b=3.07 (2.91 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.4 [10.0, 119.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.646 [0.308, 1.494] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [15.5, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.319 [0.117, 0.902] g/100g; Selenium = 54.7 [19.5, 151.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [4.9, 138.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.632 [0.395, 1.045] mg/100g (wet weight);