Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री बेनथोपिलाजिक; गहराई सीमा 40 - 1500 m (Ref. 52180), usually 260 - 490 m (Ref. 52180). Deep-water; 19°S - 55°S, 67°W - 173°W
Southwest Atlantic: Argentina. Southeast Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: South Africa. Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and Australia (including Western Australia).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 70.6, range 59 - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9563); common length : 60.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 52180); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 63.0 kg (Ref. 54802); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 15 वर्षो (Ref. 9072)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 7 - 8; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 19-21; गुदा कांटा 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 15 - 17. Uniformly dark to black.
Most common over or near rocky areas at 100-300 m (Ref. 9258). Generally, blue eye remain close to the sea bed during the day and move up in the water column at night, following concentrations of food (Ref. 6390). The fish are found over rough ground and at the edges of canyons and steep drop-offs. Blue eye appear to prefer cold water as part of their general behavior (Ref. 6390). Juveniles inhabit surface waters, sometimes in association with floating debris (Ref. 6390). Feed primarily on the pelagic tunicate Pyrosoma atlantica which is found near the sea bed during the day but dispersed throughout the water column at night (Ref. 7129, 30454). They also feed on squid, mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 30455, 30454) and fish ranging from small lanternfish (Myctophidae) to large fish such as gemfish (Rexea solandri). Juveniles consume small planktonic and sedentary organisms (Ref. 30456). Marketed fresh and frozen; exported to Japan for sashimi; eaten steamed, fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
In Australia, spawning appears to be correlated with water temperature and nutrient upwellings (Ref. 7129). It appears that mature fish move up the continental slope into shallow depths (320-400 m) and aggregate in specific grounds for spawning (Ref. 6390).
There is no information on the number of eggs blue eye produce nor on the egg and larval stages of their life history (Ref. 6390).
Haedrich, R.L., 1986. Stromateidae. p. 842-846. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4410)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
अधिक जानकारी
सहयोगीयोतस्वीरेStamps, Coins Misc.ध्वनिसिगुयटिरारफ्तारतैरने के प्रकारगिल क्षेत्रOtolithsदिमागदृष्टि
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.1 - 16.4, mean 7.5 °C (based on 485 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00498 - 0.01595), b=3.10 (2.94 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.03-0.3; tm=5-7; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.86, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.4 [6.4, 22.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.339 [0.162, 0.644] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [15.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.374 [0.208, 0.689] g/100g; Selenium = 30.4 [12.7, 67.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [2.3, 43.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.259 [0.181, 0.392] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
