Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); potamodromous (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - ? m (Ref. 4833). Tropical; 22°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672); 28°N - 10°S
Asia: India to Wallace line including China. May have been distributed in more areas than were commonly reported.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4833); common length : 12.5 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2686)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 16 - 20; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 7 - 10; Duri dubur: 9 - 11; Sirip dubur lunak: 8 - 11. Color in life dark to pale greenish, very pale below, back dusky to olive; head with longitudinal stripes ventrally; posterior margin of opercle with a dark spot; iris golden reddish. Body form variable, affected by age and amount of food consumed. Scaled head with 4-5 rows between eye and rear margin of preoperculum. Scales large and regularly arranged, ciliate.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found mostly in canals, lakes, ponds, swamps and estuaries (Ref. 41236, 57235). Adults occur in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Often found in areas with dense vegetation (Ref. 12693). Can tolerate extremely unfavorable water conditions and is associated mainly with turbid, stagnant waters (Ref. 6028). They remain buried under the mud during dry season (Ref. 1479). Feed on macrophytic vegetation, shrimps and fish fry (Ref. 6028). Reported to undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During the dry season, they stay in pools associated with submerged woods and shrubs (Ref. 37770). Posses an accessory air-breathing organ (Ref. 2847). Able to survive for several days or weeks out of water if the air breathing organs can be kept moist (Ref. 1479). Quite famous for its ability to walk; important food fish in SE Asia, considered as a tasty food fish (Ref. 6565) but not of the finest quality since it is bony (Ref. 2686). Usually sold live in markets where it is kept alive for several days by keeping it moist (Ref. 12693). Economic foodfish in the Southeast Asia (Ref. 57235).
Guards eggs at the surface of hypoxic waters (Ref. 7471).
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Budidaya air: komersial; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02344 (0.01744 - 0.03152), b=2.93 (2.85 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.0 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 0.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Assuming tm=1; K=1.4; Fec=40,000-80,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 76.8 [41.1, 193.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.19 [0.69, 2.09] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.8, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.252 [0.115, 0.556] g/100g; Selenium = 85.1 [35.7, 194.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 43.8 [20.5, 94.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.958 [0.599, 1.533] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
