Environment: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 1 - 230 m (Ref. 89891). Subtropical; 37°N - 18°N, 97°W - 75°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida in USA and the entire Gulf of Mexico.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251)
Occurs in bays, lagoons and shallow coastal waters.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 27, mean 24.3 °C (based on 266 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00289 - 0.01442), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
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