Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 58 - 402 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 8°C - 12°C (Ref. 131085); 38°N - 26°N, 125°W - 113°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Point Pinos, Monterey County in central California, USA to central Baja California, Mexico.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 2850); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 15 έτη (Ref. 56049)
Common offshore water on flat bottom (Ref. 2850). Adults feed on krill and other zooplankton (Ref. 131085). Viviparous (Ref. 34817).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Ενυδρείο: Δημόσια ενυδρεία
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 8.4 - 11.2, mean 9.2 °C (based on 9 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00401 - 0.01141), b=2.99 (2.85 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 3.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (tm=5; tmax=15; Fec=4,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
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