Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre démersal; pH range: 7.5 - 9.5; amphidrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 1 - ? m. Subtropical; 25°C - 33°C (Ref. 36880); 41°N - 0°S
Eastern Pacific: Palos Verdes in southern California, USA to Peru.
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5404); 39.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 55763); poids max. publié: 1.2 kg (Ref. 5404); poids max. publié: 1.2 kg
Description synthétique
Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie
Body compressed; head flat; first dorsal fin with 7 spines, second with 1 spine and 8 to 9 rays; anal fin with 1 spine and 9 to 10 rays; lateral line with 30 to 34 scales; body depth contained about three times in standard length; body dark green to dark brown with numerous small pale spots (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabit estuaries, stagnant ditches or creeks of low current velocity between the sea and an elevation of 30 m. Benthic and most abundant on sandy and muddy bottoms. Ingests much mud and detritus, although also filter plankton (Ref. 36880). Found in shallow inshore areas; typically in freshwater but moves freely into the sea.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; Aquaculture: commercial
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimations basées sur des modèles
Température préférée (Réf.
123201): 22.3 - 29.1, mean 26.8 °C (based on 208 cells).
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00757 - 0.01383), b=3.11 (3.03 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (K=0.57).
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
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Nutriments (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 118 [54, 257] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.59, 2.45] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.7, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.278 [0.165, 0.480] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.3, 46.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.09 [2.13, 23.95] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.88, 2.08] mg/100g (wet weight);