Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển gần đáy; Mức độ sâu 20 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Subtropical; 60°N - 15°N, 18°W - 36°E
Northeast Atlantic: British Isles south to Senegal (baie du Lévrier) and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 35388); common length : 14.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 3397); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 14 các năm (Ref. 32766)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 0. Upper eye less than its own diameter from dorsal profile of head. Anterior nostril on blind side not enlarged, its distance from front margin of head about twice in its distance from cleft of mouth. Anterior nostril on eyed side with backward-pointing tube reaching to front border of lower eye. Pectoral fin on eyed-side small, on blind side reduced.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabits mud or sand bottoms. Feeds on a wide range of small bottom-living organisms, mainly crustaceans (amphipods, shrimps), also polychaete worms and bivalve mollusks (Ref. 4710). Utilized as a food fish.
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Tài liệu tham khảo
123201): 7 - 16, mean 10.3 °C (based on 434 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Tài liệu tham khảo
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00654 - 0.01011), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.37; tm=3; tmax=14).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (9 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 109 [39, 241] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.44, 2.16] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.5, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.199 [0.104, 0.365] g/100g; Selenium = 37.1 [18.3, 80.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.2 [2.1, 30.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.664 [0.428, 0.992] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
