Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut batidemersal; kisaran kedalaman 5 - 640 m (Ref. 6871), usually 100 - 300 m (Ref. 114953). Temperate; 30°S - 44°S, 126°E - 154°E (Ref. 114953)
Southeast Indian Ocean and Southwest Pacific: Australia (including New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania).
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 6871)
Found on sand or mud bottoms, occasionally near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Feeds on amphipods, shrimp, and worms (Ref. 12951). Produces 1-8 (normally 3) pups during each gestation. Both sexes mature at ca. 20-21 cm TL; born at 9-12 cm TL (Ref. 114953)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 11.7 - 16.6, mean 14.2 °C (based on 82 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00470 - 0.02937), b=2.88 (2.66 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.3 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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