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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Trachinotinae
Etymology: Trachinotus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek,noton = back (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Thuộc về nước lợ pelagic-neritic; Mức độ sâu 0 - 100 m (Ref. 27000). Tropical; 20°N - 20°S
Eastern Atlantic: west coast of Africa, from Senegal to the Congo estuary (Ref. 57392).
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 57392); common length : 30.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 2683)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 7; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 20 - 23; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 18 - 21. Diagnosis: body short and deep (its depth 1.8-2.6 times in fork length), lozenge-shaped and strongly compressed; front of head arched; snout rounded; upper jaw extending almost to below hind margin of eye; 11-13 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch (Ref. 57392). 2 dorsal fins, 1st with 6 spines, 2nd with 1 spine and 20-23 soft rays; anal fin with 2 short, detached spines followed by 1 spine and 18-21 soft rays (Ref. 57392, 81654). Lobes of soft dorsal and anal fins strongly developed and falcate, longer than head at sizes over 10 cm (Ref. 57392), dorsal fin lobe 1.8-3.2 times in fork length (Ref. 81654). Pectoral fins shorter than head; scales small, cycloid and partially embedded in skin; lateral line scarcely arched over pectoral fins, without scutes (Ref. 57392). 4-6 (usually 5) black spots distributed all along lateral line (in specimens longer than 7-9 cm fork length) (Ref. 57392, 81654).
Coloration: back greenish, sides silvery, with 4-6 (usually 5) dark spots regularly spaced along lateral line, 1st as a vertical line, others oval to circular and becoming progressively smaller backwards; dorsal- and anal-fin lobes dark, caudal fin dark, but light-edged distally; these spots absent or indistinct in juveniles smaller than 100 mm (Ref. 57392).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Coastal marine species (Ref. 2683, 57392) occurring down to 100 m depth (Ref. 57392), frequently entering estuaries (Ref. 2683, 57392) and ascending lower courses of rivers (Ref. 57392). Maximum length possibly up to 100 cm (Ref. 57392).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Smith-Vaniz, W.F. and F.H. Berry, 1981. Carangidae. In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic (fishing areas 34, 47 (in part) . Vol. 1. (Ref. 3195)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: buôn bán nhỏ
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Tài liệu tham khảo
123201): 19.2 - 28, mean 26.2 °C (based on 100 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Tài liệu tham khảo
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00697 - 0.03443), b=2.78 (2.60 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 120 [53, 258] mg/100g; Iron = 1.39 [0.74, 2.96] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.1, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.23 [0.12, 0.45] g/100g; Selenium = 49.9 [21.8, 111.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [2.6, 37.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.987 [0.635, 1.556] mg/100g (wet weight);
