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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Parastromateus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, stromatos = a fish flattened body with a lot of colours (Stromateus sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; مهاجرة بين الياه الملحه و الحلوة لكن ليس للتزاوج (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 15 - 105 m (Ref. 12260), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 54702). Tropical; 42°N - 30°S, 32°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 23.0, range 22 - 24 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5284); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3287)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 2 - 6; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 41 - 46; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 35 - 40; فقرات: 24. Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes. Lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above, silvery-white below. The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The other fins yellowish.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Adults inhabit coastal areas with muddy substrate. Found near the bottom during daytime and near the surface at night. They also enter estuaries (Ref. 1479). Normally form large schools (Ref. 5213). Swim on its side near the surface (Ref. 3197). Feed on zooplankton (Ref. 30573). Excellent food fish (Ref. 3197); marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1436 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.02124 - 0.03111), b=2.89 (2.84 - 2.94), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 2.9 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.6; Fec=1,692).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 15 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 125 [23, 264] mg/100g; Iron = 0.892 [0.342, 2.262] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.3, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.065, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 50.6 [24.2, 118.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.8 [6.4, 116.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.594 [0.337, 1.944] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
