Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري pelagic-oceanic; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق ? - 50 m (Ref. 37955). Tropical; 30°N -
Eastern Central Pacific: western coast of Baja California, Mexico to Peru (Ref. 11482).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763); common length : 20.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763)
Body elongate, moderately deep, and compressed; snout slightly pointed; adipose eyelid poorly developed; lower branch of the first gill arch with 28 to 30 gill rakers; chest entirely covered by scales; lateral line arched anteriorly, with 46 to 53 strong scutes in the straight part; back gray blue; belly silvery with green-gold highlights; 8 to 9 incomplete, dark, vertical bars along the flanks; edge of operculum with a very conspicuous black stain (Ref. 55763).
Adults inhabit coastal and oceanic waters (Ref. 9283). They feed on small fishes, crustaceans and other benthic invertebrates (Ref. 37955). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Allen, G.R. and D.R. Robertson, 1994. Fishes of the tropical eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 332 p. (Ref. 11482)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 21.8 - 28.5, mean 26.3 °C (based on 52 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00767 - 0.03591), b=2.96 (2.79 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.7 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
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