分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
燕魟科 (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Ramsay & Ogilby.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 250 - ? m (Ref. 114953). 熱帶; 2°S - 35°S, 111°E - 155°E (Ref. 114953)
Indo-West Pacific: northern Australia and south coast of New Guinea (Refs. 9819, 114953). Also in the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819).
印度-西太平洋: 澳洲北部與新幾內亞的南部海岸。 也在阿拉弗拉海中.(參考文獻 9819)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 37.5, range 35 - 40 cm
Max length : 94.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 114953); 最大體重: 7.4 kg (Ref. 114953)
A benthic species. Found on coastal to offshore on continental shelf in open sandy, muddy and silty habitat, including estuaries and intertidal zones. Mainly feeds on bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size 35-42 cm WD (males) and 44-46 cm WD (females); hatch size 22-25 cm DW. Produces litters of 1-6 pups (Ref. 114953). Caught by shrimp trawlers.
生存於潮間帶到至少 50 公尺深。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 被蝦底拖網捕獲了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 澳洲北部與新幾內亞的南部海岸。 也在阿拉弗拉海中.(參考文獻 9819)
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 March 2015
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 25.6 - 28.7, mean 27.7 °C (based on 360 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00351 - 0.01718), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
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