>
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 6 - 200 m (Ref. 36453), usually 70 - 100 m (Ref. 43588). Subtropical; - 43°S
Southeast Pacific: Chile (Ref. 9068). Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Patagonia, Argentina (Ref. 36453).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 33.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 43588); 62.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6077)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 78 - 84; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 60 - 65; فقرات: 37 - 39. Scales ctenoid only on the ocular side, cycloid on the blind side (Ref. 43588).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Ranges from the coast to 200 m depth (Ref. 36453). Frequently captured over sandy bottoms (Ref. 42588). Feeds mainly on fishes, also shrimps (Ref. 36453).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
Download XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 4.8 - 19.9, mean 10.1 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00450 - 0.00641), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.9 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.3 [31.6, 128.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.966 [0.464, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [13.8, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.110, 0.380] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [14.3, 71.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [3.5, 55.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.349, 0.788] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
