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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Gilbert & Scofield.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall ? - 44 m (Ref. 9330). Subtropical; 32°N - 24°N
Eastern Central Pacific: Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California.
Size / Vikt / Age
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 58.3 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 42865); common length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9330)
Inhabits soft bottoms, from estuaries and up to a depth of 44 m (Ref. 9330). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9330).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.2 - 23.1, mean 21.2 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00289 - 0.01442), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
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