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Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Potamotrygoninae
Etymology: Potamotrygon: Greek, potamos = river + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

; sötvatten bentopelagisk; dH range: 10 - ?; flodvandrande (Ref. 51243). Subtropical; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 12468)

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

South America: Paraná-Paraguay River basin.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm WD hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 27188); publicerad maxvikt: 15.0 kg (Ref. 27548)

Occurs in marshy zones where it is frequently found partially hidden in the sandy bottom. This behavior, associated with its perfect immobility and its capacity to undergo homochromy, makes it practically undetectable to the eye. Like all species of this family, P. hystrix has a tail which is equipped with one or more spines which fall spontaneously and are replaced 2 or 3 times a year. At a length of 4 to 6 cm, the spine is a barbed, flattened skeletal formation inserted dorsally in the middle portion of the tail. Its structure is similar to that of a tooth and appears as an ivory cone covered with enamel. The spine is coated with an extremely toxic mucus produced by the cells of the skin and inflicts very painful wounds (Ref. 27188).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | Medarbetare

Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 24 June 2003

CITES

Appendix III: International trade cooperation

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mycket låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mer än 14 år (Assuming Fec<10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Potamotrygon histrix (Müller & Henle, 1839)