Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten pelagic-neritic. Subtropical; 27°S - 35°S
Southeast Atlantic: restricted from Lüderitz, Namibia to northern Natal, South Africa.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 4.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7248)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 6 - 9; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11 - 15; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 1; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 15 - 18. Body silvery and translucent with a midlateral band; dusky upper surface (Ref. 4125).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Forms schools along the coast and in estuaries, especially during spring (Ref. 3302). Also found in coastal lakes (Ref. 7248). Small individuals filter out small organisms such as phytoplankton and rotifers. Above 3.5 cm TL, it feeds mostly on crustaceans especially amphipods taken from the water column as well as off the bottom. Preyed upon by fishes and birds (Ref. 7248).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: husbehovsfiske; bete: usually
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 14.3 - 23.9, mean 19.5 °C (based on 14 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00438 - 0.01441), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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