分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
牙鮃科 (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ginsburg.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 185 m (Ref. 5217). 熱帶
Western Central Atlantic: Colombia and Venezuela to Trinidad and Tobago. Reported to range south to Suriname (Ref. 13608).
中西大西洋: 到千里達託貝哥共和國的哥倫比亞與委內瑞拉。 報告排列南至蘇利南.(參考文獻 13608)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背的軟條 (總數) : 69 - 80; 臀鰭軟條: 55 - 64. Head moderately pointed; brown with numerous roundish dark spots on head, body and fins, many as large or larger than eyes; also numerous small dark and small pale spots; teeth uniserial, the anterior ones enlarged; origin of dorsal fin above or slightly anterior to the front edge of eyes; caudal fin biconcave; pelvic fins short-based, symmetrically placed, and subequal (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
頭部一般尖; 在頭部，身體與鰭上褐色的有很多的圓深色斑點, 如大或大於眼的多數; 也很多的小黑而小的灰白斑點; 齒排成一列的, 前面的一些增大了; 背鰭起點在眼的前緣上面或略前; 尾鰭兩面凹的; 腹鰭基底短的,對稱地放置了, 與幾乎相等的.(參考文獻 13442)
Found over muddy and sandy bottoms. Marketed fresh.
發現在泥濘多沙的底部上了。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).中西大西洋: 到千里達託貝哥共和國的哥倫比亞與委內瑞拉。 報告排列南至蘇利南.(參考文獻 13608)
Randall, J.E. and R. Vergara, 1978. Bothidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). FAO, Rome. Vol. 1. pag.var. (Ref. 3275)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 23.2 - 28, mean 26.5 °C (based on 246 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00289 - 0.01442), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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