Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; غير مهاجرة; نطاق العمق ? - 100 m (Ref. 53324). Subtropical; 23°S - 48°S, 68°W - 41°W
Southwest Atlantic: Sao Paulo, Brazil to Golfo San Jorge, Argentina.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 27569); common length : 48.6 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 27363); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 10.0 kg (Ref. 27569)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 4 - 5; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 24-27; شوكة شرجية 1; أشعه شرجية لينه: 22 - 24. Body pale brown with several dark brown vertical and horizontal stripes composed of dark brown blotches. A row of dark brown blotches on middle of dorsal fin membrane. An obvious black blotch on base of upper lobe of caudal fin (Ref. 27363).
Found on rocky and sandy bottoms in coastal waters (Ref. 53324). Oviparous with low batch fecundity (Ref. 53324). "We frequently catch P. semifasciata off the Rio de Janeiro coast. I have personally seen fish of 24 kg, with fish in the 12-18 kg range being fairly common (Capt. Eduardo Baumeier, pers. comm., 2001)." Ref. 27569 gave 10 kg as maximum weight.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Rosa, I.L. and R.S. Rosa, 1997. Systematic revision of the South American species of Pinguipedidae (Teleostei, Trachinoidei). Revta Bras. Zool. 14(4):845-865. (Ref. 27569)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
مزيد من المعلومات
المتعاونينصورStamps, Coins Misc.اصواتالتسمم باكل السمكسرعةنوع السباحةمنطقة الخياشيمعظمة الأذندماغرؤية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.4 - 18.3, mean 14.5 °C (based on 176 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00524 - 0.01663), b=3.03 (2.87 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.68 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Assuming tmax>10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.7 [28.8, 76.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.844 [0.552, 1.288] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.323 [0.224, 0.462] g/100g; Selenium = 32.9 [18.3, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.2 [3.5, 23.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.584 [0.449, 0.797] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
