FB-917 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=917 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Carcharhiniformes Sphyrnidae Sphyrna Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) Lopatoglów Cação Cação-chapéu Cação-martelo Cação-panã Cação-pata Cação-rodela Cação-rudela Cambeva-pata Chapéu-armado Martelo Pata Peixe-martelo Rodela Rudela Tubarão panã Huehaj Huehammerhaj Bonnet hammerhead Bonnet shark Bonnethead Bonnethead shark Bonnetnose shark Shovelhead Tanu-vasarhai Requin marteau tiburo Requin-marteau tiburo Uchiwa-shumokuzame Cabeza de pala Cachona Cachuda Cazón cabeza de pala Cornuda cabeza de pala Cornúa Cornuda de corona Cornuda tiburo Gorrua Kleiner hammerhai Pez martillo Sarda cachona Tiburón bonete del Pacífico Tiburón martillo Tiburón pala Cornudo de corona Kaphamerhaai Lopatoglava kladvenica Panapana Pez martillo 窄头双髻鲨 窄頭雙髻鯊 Sphyrna tiburo tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758) Squalus tiburo Linnaeus, 1758 1992-06-15 2024-01-22 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. 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Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) Gonzalez, C., B. Postaire, W. Driggers, S. Caballero and D, Chapman0 <i>Sphyrna alleni</i> sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the Caribbean and the Southwest Atlantic. Zootaxa 5512(4):491-511. (Ref. 132488) FB-pic-915-4211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-29 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=915 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sptib_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sptib_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Found on the continental and insular shelves, on inshore and coastal areas, over mud and sand bottoms, also on coral reefs. Often occur in shallow water including estuaries, shallow bays and over coral reefs (Ref. 9987). Spends night time hours on shallow grass flats, searching for nocturnally active invertebrate prey, moves into deeper water during the day (Ref. 27549). Adults feed mainly on crustaceans, also on bivalves, octopi, and small fish. However, this is the first shark species to demonstrate omnivorous digestive strategy (Ref. 118574). It has been shown through digestability analyses that bonnetheads have enzymes that can digest seagrass organic matter with at least moderate efficiency (Ref. 118574). Viviparous, with 6 to 9 young per litter. Size at birth about 35 to 40 cm. Not territorial. Always occurs in small groups. Considerable sexual segregation occurs. Shows diel rhythm of activity. Utilized for human consumption and processed for fishmeal. Gonzalez, C., B. Postaire, W. Driggers, S. Caballero and D, Chapman 2024 <i>Sphyrna alleni</i> sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the Caribbean and the Southwest Atlantic. Zootaxa 5512(4):491-511. (Ref. 132488) FB-DiagnosticDescr-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-01-11 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Front of head semicircular in outline. No other hammerhead has front of head in semicircle. (Ref. 26938). Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) FB-Distribution-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-01-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Western Atlantic: North Carolina, U.S to Belize. Species complex with Sphyrna vespertina in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Sphyrna alleni from Belize to Brazil, WA (Ref. 132488). Gonzalez, C., B. Postaire, W. Driggers, S. Caballero and D, Chapman 2024 <i>Sphyrna alleni</i> sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the Caribbean and the Southwest Atlantic. Zootaxa 5512(4):491-511. (Ref. 132488) FB-Uses-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-LifeCycle-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=915&StockCode=931 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449), with 6 to 9 young per litter. Size at birth about 35 to 40 cm. Balon, E.K. 1990 Epigenesis of an epigeneticist: the development of some alternative concepts on the early ontogeny and evolution of fishes. Guelph Ichthyol. Rev. 1:1-48. (Ref. 7471) FB-TrophicStrategy-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-09-28 00:00:00 2018-09-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public tiburo http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Abundant in critical seagrass habitats. Previous study has shown its capacity to consume large amounts of seagrass, up to 62.1% of gut content mass. Recently, captive sharks fed with 13C-labelled seagrass diet showed their ability to successfully assimilate seagrass nutrients, making them omnivores. This is the first shark species to demonstrate omnivorous digestive strategy (Ref. 118574). Cortés, E., C.A. Manire and R.E. Hueter 1996 Diet, feeding habits, and diel feeding chronology of the bonnethead shark, <i>Sphyrna tiburo</i>, in southwest Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 58(2):353-367. (Ref. 13200) FB-Size-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 150 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217)); max. published weight: 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 26248) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Carlson, J.K. and G.R. Parsons 1997 Age and growth of the bonnethead shark, <i>Sphyrna tiburo</i> from northwest Florida, with comments on clinal variation. Environ. Biol. Fishes 50(3):331-341. (Ref. 26248) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription reef-associated; oceano-estuarine (Ref. 87829); brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 80 m (Ref. 244) Maguire, J.-J., M. Sissenwine, J. Csirke, R. Grainger and S. Garcia 2006 The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 495. Rome: FAO. 84p. (Ref. 87829) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)