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Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 30(12):2351-2369. (Ref. 129662) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-8940-4252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-30 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Prpri_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Prpri_u0.gif FB-pic-8940-29980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-05-04 2010-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Prpri_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Prpri_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2018-07-10 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats A euryhaline species (Ref. 57533). Inhabits inshore coastal waters to moderate depth, also around off lying islands. Found also in estuaries, lagoons, river mouths, and even freshwater. Feeds on fishes and bottom-living animals. Ovoviviparous. Apparently can reproduce in freshwater (Ref. 57533). Freshwater populations occur to about 750 km up Amazon River; populations in Lake Nicaragua may be non-migratory (Ref. 7251). Reaches sexual maturity at 8-10 years and females have litters of approximately 1-13 pups. Young spend much of their early life in rivers up to 400 km from the sea (Ref. 114953). Stehmann, M. 1990 Pristidae. p. 51-54. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4429) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2014-11-18 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Diagnosis: Rostral blade with 20 or fewer pairs of rostral spines (Ref. 81624).Description: Pristis pristis is characterized by its long and thin rostral teeth, grooved on their hind margin and numbering less than 20 pairs (Ref. 81284, 81624). First dorsal fin originating slightly anterior to pelvic fin origin and base longer than second dorsal fin (Ref. 81284, 81624). Second dorsal fin positioned well posterior to pelvic fins (Ref. 81624). Caudal fin shark-like, with a large dorsal lobe and a reduced, but distinct, small ventral lobe (Ref. 81284, 81624).Colouration: Back brownish-grey to ochre, belly white, greyish-white or yellowish-white and without any distinctive pattern (Ref. 81284, 81624). de Carvalho, M.R., B. Séret and R.C. Schelly 2007 Pristidae. p. 148-153. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81624) FB-Distribution-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2025-11-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 Circumglobally in tropical and subtropical waters, entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses (Ref. 81284, 81624). Western Atlantic: Florida and Louisiana, USA to Brazil (Ref. 7251); eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola, including the western Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 4429; no report since the 19th century [Ref. 116564] ); western Pacific: northern Australia, from western Australia to Queensland (Ref. 7300); eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Ecuador (Ref. 4429). In freshwater it can be found in rivers of West Africa (Ref. 81284), Ogowe River (Ref. 81284) and the Congo River estuary (Ref. 377, 81284). Stehmann, M. 1990 Pristidae. p. 51-54. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4429) FB-Uses-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2018-07-10 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Stehmann, M. 1981 Pristidae. In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic fishing areas 34, 47 (in part). Vol. 5. (Ref. 3164) FB-Migration-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2018-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2018-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8940&StockCode=9261 Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Pristidae. p. 153-155. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3163) FB-TrophicStrategy-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-12 00:00:00 2000-12-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public pristis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Inhabits inshore coastal waters to moderate depth, also around offlying islands. Found also in estuaries, lagoons, river mouths, and even freshwater. Feeds on fishes and bottom-living animals. Ovoviviparous. Freshwater populations occur to about 750 km up Amazon River; populations in Lake Nicaragua may be nonmigratory (Ref. 7251) Stehmann, M. 1990 Pristidae. p. 51-54. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4429) FB-Size-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2018-07-10 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 750 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 57708)); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 57533) de Carvalho, M.R. and J.D. McEachran 2003 Pristidae (Sawfishes). p. 17-21. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 57708) Miller, R.R. 2005 Freshwater fishes of México. The University of Chicago Press. 490 p. (Ref. 57533) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8940 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2018-07-10 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8940 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 25 - ? m (Ref. 114953) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)