FB-7613 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Rostroraja Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803) Raja siwa Raia tairoga Raia-branca Raia-tairoga Raia-teiroga Tairoga Spiesneus Spiesneus rog Spiesneus-rog Raxha e bardhë Raxhe شِنين بحري بيضاء Razza bianca Morgath wen Spidsrokke Bandroche Bandrochen Gerändeter Rochen Gesäumter Glattrochen Randrochen Saumrochen Spitzrochen Weißrochen Bordered ray Bordered skate Bottlenose Bottlenose skate Bottlenosed skate Burton skate Owl skate Spearnose skate White bordered skate White bottle-nose skate White skate White-bellied skate Valgerai Pullonokkarausku Blanquette Fumat nègre Mirayet Petite raie-museau Pocheteau blanc Raie blanche Raie blanche à zone brune Raie blanche bordée Volina bjelica Baraccoletta Baracoleta Bbaròchëlë de fiure Chiamita Mezzaraja Moro Picara liscia Picaredda Pichira liscia Raja liscia Rasa capusinha Razza bianca Vacche Hamiema Raza bjelica Grårocka Spetsnosad rocka Ak vatoz Akvatoz balığı Vatoz Thiaukher Cavach Clavel Ilisó Raya blanca Raya bramante Raya picuda Rayón Bela raža Lefkovatos Rajada blanca Salahi Vulpe alba Witte rog Βάτος Λευκόβατος Ράγια Ράτσα Ρίνα Σαλάχι 矛吻鰩 矛吻鳐 緣鰩 缘鳐 Laeviraja bramante Sassi, 1846 Raia alba Lacepède, 1803 Raia bicolor Risso, 1827 Raia rostellata Risso, 1810 Raja alba Lacepède, 1803 Raja bicolor Shaw, 1804 Raja bramante (Sassi, 1846) Raja marginata Lacepède, 1803 Raja rostellata Risso, 1810 1993-03-13 2024-01-25 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Gottlieb, E.0 On the dynamics of the population of coal-fish <i>Gadus virens</i> L., in Norwegian waters. Manuscript used by Beverton & Holt (1959). (Ref. 969) Hulley, P.A.0 Rajidae. p. 115-127. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2708) Bianchi, G.0 Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para propósitos comerciais. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Angola. Preparado com o apoio da NORAD e da FAO (FIRM) Programa Regular, FAO, Rome. 184 p. (Ref. 3166) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel0 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) Bauchot, M.-L.0 Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383) Stehmann, M.0 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Wheeler, A.0 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale0 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Brito, A.0 Catalogo de los pesces de las Islas Canarias. Francisco Lemus, la Laguna. 230 p. (Ref. 6808) Ebert, D.A., P.D. Cowley and L.J.V. Compagno0 A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 10:71-81. (Ref. 7458) Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057) Stehmann, M.0 Rajidae. p. 58-69. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Checklist of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM), UNESCO, Paris, Vol. 1. (Ref. 9995) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Stehmann, M.0 First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 43(1):1-119. (Ref. 11284) Swaby, S.E. and G.W. Potts0 Rare British marine fishes - identification and conservation. J. Fish Biol. 37(Suppl.A):133-143. (Ref. 12140) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. (Ref. 12484) Amori, G., F.M. Angelici, S. Frugis, G. Gandolfi, R. Groppali, B. Lanza, G. Relini and G. Vicini0 Vertebrata. In A. Minelli, S. Ruffo and S. La Posta (eds.) Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana, 110. Calderini, Bologna, 83 p. (Ref. 13729) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Costa, F.0 Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani. Gruppo Ugo Mursia Editore S.p.A. Milano, Italy. 438 p. (Ref. 26335) Sanches, J.G.0 Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalização estatística). Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 14:322 p. (Ref. 26388) Sanches, J.G.0 Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 16:429 p. (Ref. 26999) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265p. (Ref. 27121) McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn0 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) al Sakaff, H. and M. Esseen0 Occurrence and distribution of fish species off Yemen (Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea). Naga, ICLARM Q. 22(1):43-47. (Ref. 28016) Went, A.E.J.0 List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublin. 31 p. (Ref. 28679) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Soljan, T.0 I pesci dell'Adriatico. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Verona, Italy. (Ref. 33798) Lanfranco, G.G.0 The fish around Malta (Central Mediterranean). Progress Press Co. Ltd. (Malta). 132 p. (Ref. 33971) Alegre, M., J. Lleonart and J. Veny0 Espècies pesqueres d'interès comercial. Nomenclatura oficial catalana. Departament de Cultura, Generalitat Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. (Ref. 35117) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265 p. (Ref. 36731) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Stancioiu, S.0 Ihtiologie sistematica. MEI-Universitatea din Galati, Atelierul de multiplicare-legatorie, Cda. Nr. 1785/3,03,86. (Ref. 39152) Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Ishihara, H.0 Study on the systematics and fishery resources of the North Pacific skates (Pisces: Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Tokyo University. 186 p. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 41249) Bor, P.0 Egg-capsules of sharks and skates. www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl/rogtabel.html (Ref. 41250) Lacourt, A.W.0 Eikapsels van de kraakbeenvissen, roggen, haaien, draakvissen (Chondrichthyes) van Noord-en West Europa. Wetenschap. Meded. (135):1-27 p. (Ref. 41251) Bor, P.H.F.0 Eikapsels van haaien en roggen. Wetenschap. Med. (223):1-48. (Ref. 41303) Lythgoe, J. and G. Lythgoe0 Vissen van de Europese kutswateren en de Middlellandse Zee. 335 p. (Ref. 41304) Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, G. and I. Bianchi0 Guida degli squali e delle razze del Mediterraneo. 388 p. (Ref. 41314) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Economidis, P.S.0 Common names of Hellenic marine fishes. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41474) Economidis, P.S. and E. Koutrakis0 Common names of comercially important Hellenic marine organisms. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41475) Deval, M.C.0 Common names of marine fishes of Turkey. Unpublished report. (Ref. 41476) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Luther, W. and K. Fiedler0 Guida della fauna marina costiera del Mediterraneo. Atlante illustrato a colori. Franco Muzzio & C. (editore), Roma. 244p. (Ref. 48500) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Check-list of marine fishes of Greece. Fauna Graeciae IV, 257 p. (Ref. 48657) Labropoulou, M. and C. Papaconstantinou0 Community structure of deep-sea demersal fish in the North Aegean Sea (northeastern Mediterranean). Hydrobiologia 440:281-296. (Ref. 49586) Quignard, J.P. and J.A. Tomasini0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66. (Ref. 50345) Anonymous0 Welsh names of animals and plants: I Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. p.17-26. In W.B.L. Evans (ed.) Cyfres enwan (creaduriaid a phlauhigion: I creaduriaid asgwrn-cefn pysgod, amffibiaid, ymlusgiaid, adar a mamaliaid. Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd. (Ref. 50359) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Shcherbachev Yu, N., E.I. Kukuev and V.I. Shlibanov0 Composition of the benthic and demersal ichthyocenoses of the submarine mountains in the southern part of the North Atlantic Range. J. Ichthyol. 25:110-125. (Ref. 50492) Louisy, P.0 Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. Paris: Eds. Eugène Ulmer. (Ref. 50675) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Wheeler, A.C., N.R. Merrett and D.T.G. Quigley0 Additional records and notes for Wheeler's (1992) <i>List of the Common and Scientific Names of Fishes of the British Isles</i>. J. Fish Biol. 65(Suppl.B):1-40. (Ref. 54735) Mohamed Fall, K.O.0 Fishes of Mauritania. Unpublished compilation of K.O. Mohamed Fall. (Ref. 55783) Bilecenoğlu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya0 Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa 113(1):1-194. (Ref. 57855) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari0 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342) Plejic, T.0 Fische der Adria. Das romanische Element in der kroatischen Ichthyofauna. Mit Glossar der Adriafische Kroatisch-Englisch-Deutsch-Italienisch. Diploma Thesis. University of Leipzig Institute of Applied Linguistics and Translational Studies. (Ref. 58723) George, M.R. and H. Zidowitz0 Checkliste der europäischen Knorpelfischarten mit wissenschaftlichen und deutschen Namen. Z. Fischk. Bd. 8 Heft 1/2:71-81. (Ref. 74429) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Ebert, D.A., L.J.V. Compagno and P.D. Cowley0 Aspects of the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern Africa. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65(1):81-102. (Ref. 80491) Machado, P.B., L.S. Gordo and I. Figueiredo0 Skate and ray species composition in mainland Portugal from the commercial landings. Aquat. Living Resour. 17:231-234. (Ref. 82320) Dhora, Dh.0 Regjistër I specieve të faunës së Shqipërisë 2010. Shkodër: Camaj-Pipa. 208 p. (Ref. 83428) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Ilkyaz, A.T., G.: Soykan, O. Metin and H.T. Kinacigil0 Length-weight relationship of 62 fish species from the Central Aegean Sea, Turkey. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 24:699-702. (Ref. 86317) Bañón, R., D. Villegas-Ríos, A. Serrano, G. Mucientes and J.C. Arronte0 Marine fishes from Galicia (NW Spain): an updated checklist. Zootaxa 2667:1-27. (Ref. 86578) Işmen, A., O. Ozen, U. Altinagac, U. Ozekinci and A. Ayaz0 Weight-length relationships of 63 fish species in Saros Bay, Turkey. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 23:707-708. (Ref. 86713) Dhora, Dh.0 Fjalor i emrave të kafshëve të Shqipërisë (Emri shkencor - Shqip - Anglisht) / Dictionary of animal names of Albania (Scientific names - Albanian - English). Camaj - Pipa. Shkodër, Albania. pp. 288. (Ref. 87029) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated internet version of 02 July 2013. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website). (Ref. 93826) Miniconi, R. and Parc naturel régional de la Corse0 Parc naturel régional de Corse: poissons de Corse et de Méditerranée. Ajaccio: Parc naturel régional de la Corse; [Clermont-Ferrand] : Atelier de recherche des parcs pour l'expression graphique et l'édition, 116 p. (Ref. 94543) Ferreira, S., R. Sousa, J. Delgado, D. Carvalho and T. Chada0 Weight-length relationships for demersal fish species caught off the Madeira archipelago (eastern-central Atlantic). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 24:93-95. (Ref. 95232) Özaydin, O., D. Uçkun, S. Akalin, S. Leblebici and Z. Tosunoglu0 Length-weight relationships of fishes captured from Izmir Bay, Central Aegean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 23(6):695-696. (Ref. 95235) Goren, M.0 The fishes of the Mediterranean: a biota under siege. pp. 385-400. In Goffredo, S. and Z. Dubinsky. 2014. The Mediterranean Sea: its history and present challenges. Springer Netherlands. 655 pp. (Ref. 95489) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Lloris, D., J. Rucabado, Ll. del Cerro, F. Portas, M. Demestre and A. Roig0 Tots els peixos del Mar Català. I: Llistat de cites I referències. Treballs Soc. Cat. Ict. Herp. 1:1-208. (Ref. 95727) Trenkel, V.M., O. Berthelé, P. Lorance, J. Bertrand, A. BrindÁmour, M.-L. Cochard, F. Coppin, J.-P. Leauté, J.-C. Mahé, J. Morin, M.-J. Rochet, M. Salaun, A. Souplet and Y. Vérin0 Atlas des grands invertébrés et poissons observés par less campagnes scientifiques. Bilan 2008. Ifremer, Nantes, EMH:09-003. 100 p. (Ref. 95738) Francour, P., P. Bodilis, J.M. Cottalorda and C. Seytre0 Inventaire des Gobiidae dans la réserve naturelle de Scandola (Corse) et à proximité de ses limites. Contrat Parc Naturel Régional de la Corse. Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, ECOMERS publ., Nice:1-54. (Ref. 95773) Psomadakis, P.N., S. Giustino and M. Vacchi0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Zootaxa 3263:1-46. (Ref. 95871) Miniconi, R.0 Complément à l'inventaire des poissons des eaux de Corse (1994-2011). Biologie - Pȇche - Localisation. Edition A Barcella Ajaccio, 50 p. (Ref. 96325) Aura, C.M., C.N. Munga, E. Kimani, J.O. Manyala and S. Musa0 Length- weight relationships for nine deep sea fish species off the Kenyan coast. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 6(2):188-192. (Ref. 97038) Sadio, O.0 Common names of some fish species in Senegal. Unpublished compilation of O. Sadio. (Ref. 98752) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Yapici, S., P.K. Karachle and H. Filiz0 First length-weight relationships of 11 fish species in the Aegean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 31:398-402. (Ref. 102960) Loates, M.J. and P.J Miller0 Euroopa kalad. Eesti entüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105476) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Fauna Graeciae. An updated checklist of the fishes in the Hellenic seas. Monagraphs on Marine Sciences 7 (Ref. 113897) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Béarez, P., P. Pruvost, É. Feunteun, S. Iglésias, P. Francour, R. Causse, J. De Mazières, S. Tercerie and N. Bailly0 Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France. Cybium 41(4):351-371. (Ref. 116450) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Geraci, M.L., S. Ragonese, D. Scannella, F. Falsone, V. Gancitano, J. Mifsud, M. Gambin, A. Said and S. Vitale0 Batoid abundances, spatial distribution, and life history traits in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea): Bridging a knowledge gap through three decades of survey. Animals 11(2189). (Ref. 125195) Dulvy, N.K., P. Pasolini, G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, F. Serena, F. Tinti, N. Ungaro, C. Mancusi and J.E. Ellis0 <i>Rostroraja alba</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006:e.T61408A12473706. (Ref. 128173) Ebert, D.A., S.P. Wintner and P.M. Kyne0 An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa. Zootaxa 4947(1):1-127. (Ref. 128178) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Sousa, I., J. Baeyaert, J.M.S. Gonçalves and K. Erzini0 Preliminary insights into the spatial ecology and movement patterns of a regionally critically endangered skate (<i>Rostroraja alba</i>) associated with a marine protected area. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 52(6):283-299. (Ref. 130256) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-7613-18781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-12-20 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Roalb_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Roalb_u0.gif FB-pic-7613-27280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2000-06-26 2018-06-06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 90 cm wingspan; 12.5 kg Locality: Fenit, Kerry, Ireland. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dibat_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dibat_u0.jpg Locality: Fenit, Kerry, Ireland. FB-GeneralDescr-7613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Inhabit shelf and slope waters (Ref. 4426). Found on sand and rock-sand bottom (Ref. 6808). A bottom-predator of bony fishes, other elasmobranchs, fish offal, crabs, shrimps, mysids, octopi, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 4426. Maximum length for female is 202 cm (Ref. 41333). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 12.5-18.3 cm long and 10.0-13.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 55-156 eggs are produced per individual annually (Ref. 41250). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-22 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat A giant skate with a broad-based, abruptly narrow-tipped snout covered with small, sharp thorns; pectoral disc angular, and no thorns on nape or back, but three rows of large thorns on tail (Ref. 5578). Larger immature and adult individuals grey with numerous small white spots above, underside white with no black pores; hatchlings plain reddish-brown above, often with blue spots, and white below with broad dusky grey margins on disc (Ref. 5578). Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Distribution-7613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-07-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Eastern Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean (British Isles to Mozambique) and the Mediterranean Sea. Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Uses-7613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-LifeCycle-7613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=7613&StockCode=7917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Eggs are laid in huge cases and take up to 18 months to hatch (Ref. 5578). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-7613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 230 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 11284)); 202 cm TL (female) Stehmann, M. 1995 First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 43(1):1-119. (Ref. 11284) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-7613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7613 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; marine; depth range 30 - 600 m (Ref. 6808), usually 50 - 500 m (Ref. 26999) Brito, A. 1991 Catalogo de los pesces de las Islas Canarias. Francisco Lemus, la Laguna. 230 p. (Ref. 6808) Sanches, J.G. 1991 Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 16:429 p. (Ref. 26999)