FB-65355 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=65355 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Danionidae Rasbora Rasbora vulgaris Duncker, 1904 Porotergus gymnotus (non Ellis, 1912) 2010-03-02 2024-12-12 de Santana, C. D. and G. R. Crampton0 A review of the South American electric fish genus Porotergus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) with the description of a new species. Copeia 2010(1):165-175. (Ref. 83661) Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication (Ref. 116654) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/>. Downloaded 10 Jan 2023. (Ref. 126983) FB-GeneralDescr-65364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2010-03-03 20:33:29 2024-03-20 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=65364 This species is known mainly from the main channels of large whitewater rivers such as the Rio Solimões(Amazon) and Río Ucayali. In the Tefé region, it was encountered only during the rising water period in January and February, and captured in waters of 2–4 m depth on beaches of alluvial silt and fine sand. Based on examined stomachs of four specimens, this species feeds exclusively on small, autochthonous, benthic insect larvae (of micro-caddis fly, biting midge and beetle). Most specimens had loose sand grains in the stomach (larger than the grains of sand in the caddis fly jackets), suggesting foraging on sandy substrates; one stomach contained many endoparasitic nematodes. All four specimens captured in the Tefé region had maturing, but not fully mature, gonads, suggesting that spawning occur during the rising water period, typical of riverine apteronotids (Ref. 83661). de Santana, C. D. and G. R. Crampton 2010 A review of the South American electric fish genus Porotergus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) with the description of a new species. Copeia 2010(1):165-175. (Ref. 83661) FB-DiagnosticDescr-65364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2010-03-04 00:22:46 2012-05-17 00:25:33 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=65364 This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following characted: presence of a light brown body pigmentation (vs. pale straw pigmentation in P. gimbeli, and dark brown in P. gymnotus); one row of conical teeth on the dentary (vs. two); edentulous premaxilla (vs. presence of teeth); ossified second basibranchial (vs. unossified in P. gimbeli, condition unknown in P. gymnotus). It further differs from P. gimbeli by the absence of a distinct swelling on the chin (vs. presence of this structure), the total anal-fin rays (124-142 vs. 171–198), and the prepectoral-fin distance (14.1-17.0% of LEA vs. 10.3-13.5); from P. gymnotus by the distance from the posterior naris to the eye (1.7-3.8% of HL vs. 8.2-11.9), mouth length (12.4-27.4% of HL vs. 28.1-38.7), pectoral-fin length (72.7-89.0% of HL vs. 60.4-70.7) (Ref. 83661). de Santana, C. D. and G. R. Crampton 2010 A review of the South American electric fish genus Porotergus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) with the description of a new species. Copeia 2010(1):165-175. (Ref. 83661) FB-Morphology-65364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2010-03-04 00:22:46 2012-05-17 00:25:33 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=65364 Analsoft rays: 124 - 142 de Santana, C. D. and G. R. Crampton 2010 A review of the South American electric fish genus Porotergus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) with the description of a new species. Copeia 2010(1):165-175. (Ref. 83661) FB-Distribution-65364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2010-03-03 23:59:39 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=65364 Known from the main channel of the Amazon River in the western portions of the Amazon basin (Rio Negro and Rio Solimões in Brazil, Rio Ucayali in Peru. de Santana, C. D. and G. R. Crampton 2010 A review of the South American electric fish genus Porotergus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) with the description of a new species. Copeia 2010(1):165-175. (Ref. 83661) FB-TrophicStrategy-65364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2010-03-04 00:38:20 2012-05-17 00:03:33 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ duende Habitat: known mainly from the main channels of large whitewater rivers such as the Rio Solimões (Amazon) and Rio Ucayali. In the Tefé region, encountered only during the rising water period in January and February, and was captured in waters of 2–4 m depth on beaches of alluvial silt and fine sand. Water quality: The Rio Solimões near Tefé is characterized by high conductivity (90–150 µS/cm), very high turbidity (Secchi disk readings of 0.1–0.4 m, but usually less than 0.15 m), near neutral pH (6.9–7.3), and is well oxygenated from the surface to the bottom (1.6–3.9 mg/l, usually more than 3 mg/l). The temperature of large whitewater rivers is remarkably constant throughout the year (27–32°C), with no stratification. Water chemistry readings at the capture locality of two specimens from the lower Rio Ucayali fell within the above ranges. Reproduction: All four specimens captured in the Tefé region had maturing, but not fully mature, gonads.This suggests spawning during the rising water period, which is typical of riverine apteronotids (Crampton, 1998). Food items: Stomach content analysis was based on four specimens from the Tefé region reveal that the species feeds exclusively on small, autochthonous, benthic insect larvae. Diet: Micro-caddis fly larvae (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) constituted 80–100%(mean87.5, SD9.6,n=4), biting midge larvae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) constituted 0–20% (mean7.5, SD9.6, n=4), and beetle larvae (Coleoptera of unidentifiable families) constituted 0–20% (mean5, SD10, n=4) of proportional contents. Most specimens had loose sand grains in the stomach (larger than the grains of sand in the caddis fly jackets), suggesting foraging on sandy substrates. Parasite: One stomach contained many endoparasitic nematodes (Ref. 83661). de Santana, C. D. and G. R. Crampton 2010 A review of the South American electric fish genus Porotergus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) with the description of a new species. Copeia 2010(1):165-175. (Ref. 83661) FB-Size-65364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2010-03-03 20:33:29 2024-03-20 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=65364 18.4 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 83661)); 10.4 cm TL (female) de Santana, C. D. and G. R. Crampton 2010 A review of the South American electric fish genus Porotergus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) with the description of a new species. Copeia 2010(1):165-175. (Ref. 83661) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-65364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Frédéric Busson 2010-03-03 20:33:29 2024-03-20 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=65364 demersal; freshwater; pH range: 6.9 - 7.3