FB-6461 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Cichla Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 Tucunaré Tucunaré açú Tucunaré comum Tucunaré paca Tucunaré pinima Tucunaré tinga Sommerfuglecichla Humboldtcichlide Painted pavon Royal pavon Speckled pavon Striped tucunare Tucunare pinema Helmikikla Stor tucunaré Pavón Pavón venado 金目丽鱼 金目麗魚 Cichla atabapensis Humboldt, 1821 Cichla tucunare Heckel, 1840 Cichla unitaeniatus Magalhaes, 1931 Cychla flavomaculata Jardine & Schomburgk, 1843 Cychla trifasciata Jardine & Schomburgk, 1843 1992-10-13 2008-11-14 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Kornfield, I.0 Descriptive genetics of cichlid fishes. p. 591-616. In B.J. Turner (ed.) Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York. (Ref. 3878) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Crawford, R.0 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida. (Ref. 6323) Porto, J.I.R., E. Feldberg, C.M. Nakayama and J.N. Falcao0 A checklist of chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Amazonian freshwater fishes. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 25(4):287-299. (Ref. 7052) Pereira, R.0 Peixes de nossa terra. Livraria Nobel, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 129 p. (Ref. 7145) Begossi, A. and J.C. Garavello0 Notes on the ethnoichthyology of fishermen from the Tocantins River (Brazil). Acta Amazon. 20:341-351. (Ref. 7361) Thompson, K.W.0 Cytotaxonomy of 41 species of neotropical cichlidae. Copeia 1979(4):679-691. (Ref. 8865) Ferreira, E.J.G., J. Zuanon and G.M. dos Santos0 A list of commercial fish species from Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. Naga, ICLARM Q. 19(3):41-44. (Ref. 12202) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 5. Mergus Verlag, Melle, Germany. 1148 p. (Ref. 13614) Santos, R.A. and M. Haimovici0 Food and feeding of the short-finned squid <i>Illex argentinus</i> (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) off southern Brazil. Fish. Res. 33(1-3):139-147. (Ref. 26329) Winemiller, K.O., D.C. Taphorn and A. Barbarino-Duque0 Ecology of <i>Cichla</i> (Cichlidae) in two blackwater rivers of Southern Venezuela. Copeia 1997(4):690-696. (Ref. 27531) Ferreira, E.J.G., J.A.S. Zuanon and G.M. dos Santos0 Peixes comerciais do médio Amazonas. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. 211p. (Ref. 27548) Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Jepsen, D.B., K.O. Winemiller and D.C. Taphorn0 Temporal patterns of resource partitioning among <i>Cichla</i> species in a Venezuelan blackwater river. J. Fish Biol. 51(6):1085-1108. (Ref. 32819) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Jepsen, D.B., K.O. Winemiller, D.C. Taphorn and D.R. Olarte0 Age structure and growth of peacock cichlids from rivers and reservoirs of Venezuela. J. Fish Biol. 55(2):433-450. (Ref. 36260) Kullander, S.O.0 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Rutledge, W.R. and B.W. Lyons0 Texas peacock bass and nile perch: status report. Proc. Ann. Conf. SE Assoc. Fish Wildl. Age. 39:18-23. (Ref. 40923) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Santos, E.0 Peixes da Água doce (Vida e costumes dos peixes do Brasil). Belo Horizonte, Brasil, Editora Itatiaia Limitada.267. (Ref. 42069) Williams, J.D., K.O. Winemiller, D.C. Taphorn and L. Balbas0 Ecology and status of Piscivores in Guri, an oligotrophic tropical reservoir. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 18:274-285. (Ref. 50630) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing. www.fishing-worldrecords.com, 12 February 2006. (Ref. 56631) Kullander, S.O. and E.J.G. Ferreira0 A review of the South American cichlid genus <i>Cichla</i>, with descriptions of nine new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 17(4):289-398. (Ref. 57716) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing. www.fishing-worldrecords.com, September 2010. (Ref. 85107) Nomura, H.0 Nomes científicos dos peixes e seus correspondentes nomes vulgares. In H. Nomura (ed.). Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Editerra, Brasília, Brasil: 27-63. (Ref. 86306) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing. www.fishing-worldrecords.com, 8 December 2014. (Ref. 99764) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 15/04/2016]. (Ref. 107339) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing: News, April 2019 Edition. http://www.fishing-worldrecords.com/ (Ref. 121466) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Chan, J.C.F., A.H.F. Tsang, S.-M. Yau, T.C.H. Hui, A. Lau, H.H. Tan, B.W. Low, D. Dudgeon and J.H. Liew0 The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins. Raffles Bull. Zool. 71:128-168. (Ref. 129032) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-6461-30434 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2001-08-07 2001-10-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Citem_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Citem_u4.jpg FB-pic-6461-32413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2002-02-08 2002-02-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Citem_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Citem_u5.jpg Locality: Rio Negro, Manaus, Brazil. FB-pic-6461-38387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2003-12-21 2003-12-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Citem_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Citem_u7.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-10-13 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults occupy deeper littoral areas in lagoons and sandy and rocky banks of the main river channel. They feed mainly on small fish (especially characids measuring Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2006-12-19 00:00:00 2006-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 Diagnosis: A large, elongate species with small scales (E1 row scales 98-128, usually more than 110, vs. usually less than 110 in other species of Cichla). Postorbital band is present, entire, may be irregular but does not consist of scattered spots, vs. absent or present as scattered spots in other species of Cichla species. Lateral line is usually continuous. It is most similar to C. pinima and C. vazzoleri, sharing subadult to young adult color pattern including dark midlateral band and four rows of regularly arranged light spots along side, but light spots slightly elongate instead of round. It is different from C. pinima and C. vazzoleri in lacking dark lateral blotches with intensified light margins; vertical bars when expressed entire, never forming round blotches; ocellated blotches on dorsal side absent at all sizes; postorbital band entire (vs. expressed as scattered dark blotches); dark blotch associated with preopercle absent (present in C. vazzoleri); lateral line nearly always continuous (vs. usually discontinuous in C. vazzoleri) (Ref. 57716). Kullander, S.O. and E.J.G. Ferreira 2006 A review of the South American cichlid genus <i>Cichla</i>, with descriptions of nine new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 17(4):289-398. (Ref. 57716) FB-Distribution-6461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-10-13 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size South America: Amazon River basin in the Negro and Uatumã River drainages; Orinoco River basin in tributaries of the Orinoco River in Venezuela and Colombia. Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-Uses-6461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-10-13 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Petrovicky, I. 1988 Aquarium fish of the world. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., London. 499 p. FB-LifeCycle-6461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-10-13 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6461&StockCode=6783 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oviparous (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-6461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-10-13 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 99.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 12.2 kg (Ref. 40637) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-10-13 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; pH range: 5.5 - 6.5 Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)