FB-6439 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Hamoor-e-malabari Garoupa malabárica Garoupa-malabar Malabar-klipkabeljou Hamour Baraka Lapu-lapu Pugapo Malabar-havaborre Blackspot cod Blackspotted rockcod Brown-spotted grouper Estuary cod Estuary rock-cod Giant rock cod Greasy grouper Grouper Malabar cod Malabar grouper Malabar reef cod Malabar reefcod Malabar rock cod Malabar rockcod Malabar rock-cod Morgan's cod Speckled grouper Malabari kivikoha kawakawa Grand gueule Loche ronde Mère loche Mérou de Malabar Mérou malabar Mérou malabare Wekhali Wekhru વેખરુ  વેખલી  Lokos Inid Inid orig Chairomaruhata Yaitohata Gobra Hekaru Hekru गोबरा हीकरू Hua dun hou Kerapu Kerapu hitam (juvenil) Kerapu lilin Kerapu lumpur Keretang Kertang (dewasa) Yaquuri Chewa (Ng'ombe) Malabargrouper Kalava Punni-calawah புள்ளிக் கலவா கலவா கலவா  புன்னீ காலா  Bontoo బొంతు   Lapu lapu Lapu-lapu Pool Cá Song điểm đai Cá Song điểm gai Mero malabárico Anid Bulang Gal bola Gal kossa Gas bola Kiapu Kubing Kurapu Küü Maleog Mantis Okke Phon Phon-ni-on Polo Stira Malampar Taiyaaw maleog Tingag Waava Στήρα μαλαμπάρ 似鮭石斑魚 似鲑石斑鱼 玛拉巴石斑鱼 瑪拉巴石斑魚 石斑 花英斑 花鬼斑 花點石斑魚 过鱼 鲙 Cephalopholis malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Epinephelus abdominalis (non Peters, 1855) Epinephelus cylindricus Postel, 1965 Epinephelus malabrica (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Epinephelus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802) Epinephelus salmonoides (Valenciennes, 1828) Epinephelus tauvina (Fabricius, 1775) Holocentrus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Holocentrus salmoides Lacepède, 1802 Serranus crapao Cuvier, 1829 Serranus estuarius Macleay, 1883 Serranus polypodophilus Bleeker, 1849 Serranus salmonoides Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus semipunctatus Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus semi-punctatus Valenciennes, 1828 1992-09-30 2018-04-05 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Iswarya Deepti0 Species diversity and some aspects of reproductive biology and life history of groupers (Pisces: Serranidae: Epinephelinae) off the central eastern coast of India. Mar. Biol. Res. 11(1):18-33. (Ref. 97769) Donaldson, T.J.0 Fishes of the remote Southwest Palau Islands: a zoogeographic perspective. Pac. Sci. 50(3):285-308. (Ref. 99878) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Kerr, V.C.0 A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of the northwest lagoon, between Koumac and Yandé, Province Nord, New Caledonia. BioOne Research Evolved:160-178. (Ref. 101627) Haribon0 List of reef-associated species in Lanuza Bay. Haribon's surveys in and outside of MPAs from 2002 to 2009. Manuscript. (Ref. 104756) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Torres, F. Jr.0 Species list for the five municipalities in Southern Palawan. Personal Communication [31/03/17]. (Ref. 114805) Almukhtar, M.A., A.J. Alfaisal, F. Mustafa, A.M. Hassan, S. Abdulgahni and T. Hammed0 Classification of groupers genus <i>Epinephelus</i> with description of four species for the first time in the Iraqi marine waters. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research 30(4):172-182. (Ref. 115087) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations0 SCRFA database. Web online database. https://www.scrfa.org/database/: SCRFA. [2013-onwards]. (Ref. 118580) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Smallwood, C.B., A. Tate and K.L. Ryan0 Weight-length summaries for Western Australian fish species derived from surveys of recreational fishers at boat ramps. Fisheries Research Report No. 278, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia. 151pp. (Ref. 119023) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) Fricke, R., W.N. Eschmeyer and R. Van der Laan (eds.)0 Eschmeyer's catalog of fishes: Genera, species, references. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp. Electroninc version. Accessed 9 March 2020 (Ref. 121848) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Bogorodsky, S.V., F.N. Saeed and U. Zajonz0 Twenty-three new records of commercial fish species (Actinopterygii) from the Socotra Archipelago (North-Western Indian Ocean). Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 50(4):511-538. (Ref. 125388) Manojkumar, P.P., L. Ranjith, K. Karuppasamy and K.P. Kanthan0 Fishery and population dynamics of <i>Epinephelus malabaricus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) off Tuticorin, southeast coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 61(1):26-30. (Ref. 126492) Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini0 Atlas of exotic fishes in the Mediterranean Sea. Second edition. [F. Briand, Ed.]. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco, 365 pages. (Ref. 127989) Lai, N.-W.0 Hong Kong market marine fish. Original title: 香港街市海魚圖鑑. Hua Qianshu Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 440. (Ref. 129440) Petit-Marty, N., M. Liu, I.Z. Tan, A. Chung, B. Terrasa, B. Guijarro, F. Ordines, S. Ramirez-Amaro, E. Massuti and C. Schunter0 Declining population sizes and loss of genetic diversity in commercial fishes: a simple method for a first diagnostic. Frontiers in Marine Science 9(872537):1-11. (Ref. 130275) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Muallil, R.N., A.M. Tambihasan, M.J. Enojario, R.T. Tarabasa, A.A. Habibuddin, A.S. Injani, M.A.T. Ammang, A.S. Aksa and C.L. Nañola Jr.0 Data on the length-weight relationship of 161 species of commercially important coral reef fishes in Tawi-Tawi islands, Southern Philippines. Data in Brief 50. (Ref. 132177) Ravikumar, T., N. Neethiselvan, N, Jayakumar, C. Sudhan, T. Umamaheswari and P. Padmavathy0 Length-weight relationships and Fulton’s Condition Factor (K) for 29 demersal reef fishes caught by longline. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences 39:1263-1270. (Ref. 132229) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-6439-9568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2013-05-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmal_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmal_u3.jpg Locality: Durban, Natal, South Africa. FB-pic-6439-9569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 1999-07-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmal_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmal_u4.jpg FB-pic-6439-9570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 1.2 kg. Locality: Kosi Bay, Natal, South Africa. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmal_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmal_u5.jpg Locality: Kosi Bay, Natal, South Africa. FB-pic-6439-9571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmal_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmal_u6.jpg FB-pic-6439-9572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epmal_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epmal_u2.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-30 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution A common species found in a variety of habitats: coral and rocky reefs, tide pools, estuaries, mangrove swamps and sandy or mud bottom from shore to depths of 150 m. Solitary (Ref 90102). Juveniles found near shore and in estuaries; sex reversal probable; catch statistics poor being previously confused with E. andersoni (Ref. 4332). Feed primarily on fishes and crustaceans, and occasionally on cephalopods (Ref. 9710). Present in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Widely used in mariculture mainly in the Far East (Ref. 43448). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2013-10-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Characterized by light grey to yellowish brown color; five slightly oblique dark brown bars that bifurcate ventrally; numerous small black spots and blotches in head and body; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid anterodorsally on body, thorax and abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 3.0-3.6 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins, 2.0-2.6 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; snout length 1.7-2.0 times in upper jaw length; interorbital width 4.5-6.5 times in HL and 2.1-3.0 times in upper jaw length; flat or slightly convex interorbital area; subangular preopercle, with enlarged serrae at the angle; almost straight upper edge of operculum; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils, except in large adults which have the posterior nostrils slightly larger; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of orbit, maxilla width 4.5-6.5% of SL; upper jaw length 17-22% of SL, 2-5 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2013-10-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-30 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Tonga, north to Japan, south to Australia. It is not known from the Persian Gulf, where the closely related Epinephelus coioides is common. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-30 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Kohno, H. 1987 An introduction to lapu-lapu (<i>Epinephelus</i>) of the Philippines. Part 3. SEAFDEC Asian Aquacult. 9(2):5-8. (Ref. 4767) van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.) 1991 Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p. (Ref. 4332) FB-Migration-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-30 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692). Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1996-11-25 00:00:00 2023-01-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public malabaricus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology A common species found in a variety of habitats: coral and rocky reefs, tide pools, estuaries, mangrove swamps and sandy or mud bottom (Also Ref. 127989) from shore to depths of 150 m. Juveniles found near shore and in estuaries; sex reversal probable; catch statistics poor being previously confused with E. andersoni (Ref. 4332). Feed primarily on fishes and crustaceans, and occasionally on cephalopods (Refs. 9710, 127989). Known to enter estuaries (Ref. 127989). Thollot, P. 1996 Les poissons de mangrove du lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie. ORSTOM Éditions, Paris. (Ref. 11889) FB-Size-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-30 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 234 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5213)); max. published weight: 150.0 kg (Ref. 9710) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga 1990 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-6439-1347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-11-17 00:00:00 2004-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Baldness disease in Snapper. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Leong, T.S. 1992 Diseases of brackishwater and marine fish cultured in some Asian countries. p. 223-236. <i>In</i> M. Shariff, R.P. Subasinghe and J.R. Arthur (eds.) Proceedings of the First Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 48652) FB-Diseases-6439-1228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-04-15 00:00:00 2004-04-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Capsalid Monogenean Infection 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Koesharyani, I., D. Roza, K. Mahardika, F. Johnny, [N.] Zafran and K. Yuasa 2001 Manual for fish disease diagnosis: Marine fish and crustacean diseases in Indonesia. Gondol Research Station for Coastal Fisheries, Central Research Institute for Fisheries, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development and Japan International Cooperation Agency, Indonesia. 57 p. (Ref. 48690) FB-Diseases-6439-495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-11-22 00:00:00 2004-11-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Diplectanum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Leong, T.S. 1992 Diseases of brackishwater and marine fish cultured in some Asian countries. p. 223-236. <i>In</i> M. Shariff, R.P. Subasinghe and J.R. Arthur (eds.) Proceedings of the First Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 48652) FB-Diseases-6439-490 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-26 00:00:00 2002-09-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Erilepturus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-6439-504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-27 00:00:00 2002-09-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Prosorhynchus Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-6439-505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-27 00:00:00 2002-09-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Pseudorhabdosynchus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-6439-1351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-11-22 00:00:00 2004-11-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Pseudorhabdosynochus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Leong, T.S. 1992 Diseases of brackishwater and marine fish cultured in some Asian countries. p. 223-236. <i>In</i> M. Shariff, R.P. Subasinghe and J.R. Arthur (eds.) Proceedings of the First Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 48652) FB-Diseases-6439-506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-27 00:00:00 2002-09-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Rhapidascaris Disease (larvae). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-6439-58 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-11-17 00:00:00 2004-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 Trichodinosis. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Leong, T.S. 1992 Diseases of brackishwater and marine fish cultured in some Asian countries. p. 223-236. <i>In</i> M. Shariff, R.P. Subasinghe and J.R. Arthur (eds.) Proceedings of the First Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 48652) FB-Diseases-6439-925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-11-16 00:00:00 2004-11-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6439&StockCode=6760 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Vibriosis Disease (general). Bacterial diseases Leong, T.S. 1992 Diseases of brackishwater and marine fish cultured in some Asian countries. p. 223-236. <i>In</i> M. Shariff, R.P. Subasinghe and J.R. Arthur (eds.) Proceedings of the First Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 48652) FB-Habitat-6439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-09-30 00:00:00 2018-04-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6439 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 150 m (Ref. 5222) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. 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