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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-63</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Eupercaria/misc</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Moronidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Dicentrarchus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='no'>Rognkall</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='no'>Rognkjaeks</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='no'>Rognkjeks</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='no'>Rognkjeks (female), rognkall (male)</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Tasza</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Peixe-lapa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>أرنب البحر</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cy'>Iâr fôr</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Almindelig stenbider</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Kulso</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Kvabso</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Stenbider</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Lump</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Seehase</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Hen-fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Kiark-varrey</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Lump</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Lumpfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Lumpsucker</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>merivarblane</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fo'>Grárognkelsi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fo'>Reyðrognkelsi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fo'>Rognkelsi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Rasvakala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Grosse poule de mer</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Lompe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Lump</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='is'>Hrognkelsi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='iu'>Angusatdluk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='iu'>Angusedlok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='iu'>Arnardlok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='iu'>Arnardluk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='iu'>Lepisuk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='iu'>Nepisa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='iu'>Nipisa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='iu'>Qorkshuyoq</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='it'>Ciclottero</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Dango-uo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='lv'>zaķzivs</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='lt'>ciegorius</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Pinagor</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>воробеи морской</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>круглопер</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Пинагор</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>пинагор</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Baggety</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Blue paidle</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hen paidle</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Paddle-cock</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Runkar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Kvabbso</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Sjurygg</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Stenbit</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='uk'>Пінагор</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='uk'>Риба-горобець</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Cicloptero</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Liebre de mar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Lumpo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>An léasán leice</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Angusalluk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Arnarluk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bradavičarica</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nipisa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Snotolf</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>圆鳍鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>圓鰭魚</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyclopterus caeruleus Mitchill, 1815</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyclopterus coronatus Couch, 1838</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyclopterus lumpus hudsonius Cox, 1920</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyclopterus minutus Pallas, 1769</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyclopterus pavoninus Shaw, 1797</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cyclopterus pyramidatus Shaw, 1804</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lumpus anglorum DeKay, 1842</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lumpus vulgaris McMurtrie, 1831</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2018-08-06</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=120666&amp;speccode=62'>Mecklenburg, C.W., I. Byrkjedal, J.S. Christiansen, O.V. Karamushko, A. Lynghammar and P.R. Møller0 List of marine fishes of the Arctic region annotated with common names and zoogeographic characterizations. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. (Ref. 120666)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122290&amp;speccode=62'>Marine and Freshwater Research Institute0 HROGNKELSI - LUMPFISH &lt;i&gt;Cyclopterus lumpus&lt;/i&gt;. State of Marine Stocks and Advice 2019. Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Iceland. (Ref. 122290)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122956&amp;speccode=62'>Froese, R., F. Flindt, E. Meyer, J. Meyer and O. Egerland0 Untersuchung zum Laichverhalten des Dorsches in der Kieler Bucht im Frühjahr 2020. Published online at https://www.fishbase.de/rfroese/LaichDorsch2020.pdf on 01 October 2020. (Ref. 122956)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123022&amp;speccode=62'>Johannesen, E., H.L. Mork, K. Korsbrekke, R. Wienerroither, E. Eriksen, M. Fossheim, T. de Lange Wenneck, A. Dolgov, T. Prokhorova and D. Prozorkevich0 Arctic fishes in the Barents Sea 2004-2015:  changes in abundance and distribution. IMR/PINRO Joint Report Series 1:50p. (Ref. 123022)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123555&amp;speccode=62'>Higdon, J.W., D.D. Hauser and S.H. Ferguson0 Killer whales (&lt;i&gt;Orcinus orca&lt;/i&gt;) in the Canadian Arctic: distribution, prey items, group sizes, and seasonality. Marine Mammal Science 28(2):E93-E109. (Ref. 123555)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123587&amp;speccode=62'>Lesage, V., S. Lair, S. Turgeon and P. Béland0 Diet of St. Lawrence Estuary Beluga (&lt;i&gt;Delphinapterus leucas&lt;/i&gt;) in a changing ecosystem. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 134(1):21-35. (Ref. 123587)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124011&amp;speccode=62'>Dolgov, A.V.0 Annotated list of fish-like vertebrates and fish of the Kara Sea. J. Ichthyol. 53(11):914-922. (Ref. 124011)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124174&amp;speccode=62'>Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro and H. Winker0 User Guide for CMSY++. GEOMAR, Germany, 17 p. (Ref. 124174)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124449&amp;speccode=62'>Chambers, C.A. and T.A. Dick0 Using Environmental Variables to Predict the Structure of Deep-sea Arctic Fish Communities: Implications for Food Web Construction. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 39:1, 2-8 (Ref. 124449)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127841&amp;speccode=62'>Ern, R., T. Norin, A.K. Gamperl and A.J. Esbaugh0 Oxygen dependence of upper thermal limits in fishes. J. Expr. Biol. 219:3376-3383. (Ref. 127841)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2350-4757' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128520&amp;speccode=62'>Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132183&amp;speccode=62'>Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=62'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Basically solitary rather than a schooling fish.  They exhibit a homing instinct (Ref. 9737).  Adults inhabit rocky bottoms but may occur among floating seaweed.  They migrate considerable distances in an annual cycle between deeper waters in winter and shallower waters in summer (Ref. 26141).  Maximum depth reported at 868 m (Ref. 58426).  Epibenthic-pelagic (Ref. 58426).  Juveniles are found among algal clumps in bays and fjords moving offshore as they mature (Ref. 96431).  During the spawning season the males become reddish in color on the underside, whereas females turn blue-green.  Adults feed on ctenophores, medusas, small crustaceans, polychaetes, jelly fish and  small fishes.  Valued for their eggs, which make an inexpensive caviar (Ref. 9988).  Eaten in Nordic countries, marketed fresh or smoked.  Male flesh is most demanded and roe is sold fresh (Ref. 35388).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4701&amp;speccode=62'>Stein, D.L. 1986 Cyclopteridae. p. 1269-1274. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. III. (Ref. 4701)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>First dorsal fin present but covered by thick layer of skin forming a characteristic high crest with embedded spines.  Bony tubercles present, arranged in 3 widely separated rows of large flattened tubercles on each side of body.  Gill openings large, extend- extending below level of upper pectoral fin ray.  Pyloric present 36-79.  Ventral sucking disc formed by the modified pelvic fin (Ref. 232).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=232'>Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) 1986 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 11;  Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 9 - 10; Vertebrae: 28 - 29</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=232'>Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) 1986 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Western Atlantic:  Nunavut, Hudson Bay to James Bay and Labrador in Canada to New Jersey in USA; rarely to Chesapeake Bay in USA and Bermuda.  Eastern Atlantic:  Barents Sea, Iceland and Greenland to Spain (Ref. 4701).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=62'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: highly commercial; bait: usually; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4931&amp;speccode=62'>FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12253&amp;speccode=62'>Kinzer, J. 1983 Aquarium Kiel: Beschreibungen zur Biologie der ausgestellten Tierarten. Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel. pag. var. (Ref. 12253)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9737&amp;speccode=62'>Davenport, J. 1985 Synopsis of biological data on the lumpsucker &lt;i&gt;Cyclopterus lumpus&lt;/i&gt; (Linnaeus 1758). FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 147. 31 p. (Ref. 9737)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=62'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=62&amp;StockCode=72</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Eggs are laid in large numbers on stony bottoms (Ref. 9900). Male guards egg-mass aggressively.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4701&amp;speccode=62'>Stein, D.L. 1986 Cyclopteridae. p. 1269-1274. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. III. (Ref. 4701)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:source>lumpus</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Its distributional range indicate that it is fairly eurythermal (Ref. 9737). Basically solitary rather than a schooling fish.  Exhibits a homing instinct (Ref. 9737).  Inhabits rocky bottoms but may occur among floating seaweed.  Migrates considerable distances in an annual cycle between deeper waters in winter and shallower waters in summer (Ref. 26141).  Epibenthic-pelagic (Ref. 58426).  Feeds more intensively in the winter. Preferred food items are ctenophores, medusae, small crustaceans, polychaetes and small fishes (Ref. 4701).  It is preyed upon by seals, sperm whale and Greenland shark.  Parasites of the species include 3 protozoans and 2 copepods (Ref. 5951).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4701&amp;speccode=62'>Stein, D.L. 1986 Cyclopteridae. p. 1269-1274. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. III. (Ref. 4701)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>61.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 58426)); 42.9 cm SL (female); max. published weight: 9,500 g (Ref. 4701); max. published weight: 5,000.0 g; max. reported age: 13 years (Ref. 54207)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58426&amp;speccode=62'>Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2004 Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p. (Ref. 58426)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4701&amp;speccode=62'>Stein, D.L. 1986 Cyclopteridae. p. 1269-1274. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. III. (Ref. 4701)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=54207&amp;speccode=62'>Thorsteinsson, V. 1981 The aging validation of the lumpsucker (&lt;i&gt;Cyclopterus lumpus&lt;/i&gt;) and the age composition of the lumpsucker in Icelandic lumpsucker fisheries. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 1-24. (Ref. 54207)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 868 m (Ref. 58496), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 4701)</dc:description>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=62'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58496&amp;speccode=62'>Parin, N.V., V.V. Fedorov and B.A. Sheiko 2002 An annotated catalogue of fish-like vertebrates and fishes of the seas of Russia and adjacent countries: Part 2. Order Scorpaeniformes. J. Ichthyol. 42(Suppl.1):S60-S135. (Ref. 58496)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4701&amp;speccode=62'>Stein, D.L. 1986 Cyclopteridae. p. 1269-1274. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. III. (Ref. 4701)</reference></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>