FB-6011 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Acanthuridae Acanthurus Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758) Masch Urur Gurisan Hvidhovedet kirurgfisk Black surgeonfish Blackear surgeonfish Golden rimmed surgeonfish Goldrim surgeonfish Gold-rim tang Gold-rimmed surgeonfish Gray surgeonfish Surgeonfish Velvet surgeon Velvet surgeonfish Whitecheek surgeonfish White-cheeked surgeonfish Whiteface surgeonfish Whitetail surgeonfish Yellow-banded surgeonfish Yellowfin tang Yellowrimmed surgeonfish dridri Chirurgien à joue blanche Chirurgien à marques jaunes Chirurgien noirâtre Pugpugot Megane-kurohagi Aelmej Bir Diebdre Teo Tiebro-ael Pala പല പാള Barat-barat Botana biru palsu Debam Debam pipi putih Dengkis Gaitolama I'usina Laulama Kangaja Filippinsk Kirurgfisk Maito a'au Maito aero uouo Maito aero vovo Dabahita Indangan Labahita Papakol Saging-saging Samarel Cirujano cariblanco Cirujano de cara blanca Cirujano filo amarillo Navajón cariblanco Pez cirujano Pez cirujano de filo amarillo Avai Bagis Bit dodoh tambako Hugupau arayau amariyo Ikumelo Indangan Komang Kuu wuta Moch-el-ghei Moghu Mumu avai Mungit Mwocchonnákey Mwochonageiy Pilo-pilo Rykathi Seliseli Sovahan Tudlo-an 灰額刺尾魚 灰额刺尾鱼 白面刺尾魚 白面刺尾鱼 颊面倒吊 黃點刺尾魚 黄点刺尾鱼 黑刺尾鯛 黑刺尾鲷 Acanthurus aliala Lesson, 1831 Acanthurus glaucoparecius Cuvier, 1829 Acanthurus glaucopareius Cuvier, 1829 Acanthurus japonicus (non Schmidt, 1931) Chaetodon nigricans Linnaeus, 1758 1992-07-15 2023-06-15 Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. 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Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Akiona, A.K., B. Zgliczynski and S.A. Sandin0 Length-weight relationships for 18 coral reef fish species from the central Pacific. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2021. (Ref. 124696) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi0 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. 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(Ref. 130794) Delrieu-Trottin, E., S. Mona, J. Maynard, V. Neglia, M. Veuille and S. Planes0 Population expansions dominate demographic histories of endemic and widespread Pacific reef fishes. Sci. Rep. 7(40519):1-13. (Ref. 130991) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-6011-1970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1994-12-25 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acnig_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Acnig_u0.jpg FB-pic-6011-4782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-07-03 2000-11-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acnig_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Acnig_u1.gif FB-pic-6011-9682 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-05 2000-11-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acnig_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Acnig_u4.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-07-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults inhabit hard substrate areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to at least 67 m and feeds on filamentous algae. Solitary or in groups (Ref. 90102). Monogamous (Ref. 52884, 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Small juveniles shy among large corals (Ref. 48637). Territorial species. Common throughout Micronesia and hybridizes with the rare A. achilles. Size of metamorphosis from the postlarva stage to juvenile is 5.5 to 6 cm (Ref. 9267). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-14 00:00:00 2013-04-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution A horizontally elongate white blotch directly below eye. No orange band in outer part of dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle black except for yellow edge of socket and sheath of peduncular spine. Base of pectoral fin black (ref 9808).Gill rakers on anterior row:17-19, on posterior row:18-20.Description: Characterized further by blackish or dark grey body color; white patch below eye; white ring behind mouth; base of dorsal and anal fins with yellow zone that gradually widens towards rear part of fins; caudal spine yellow; caudal fin yellow with submarginal band; caudal spine length 2.5-3.0 in head length; greatest depth of body 1.7-1.9 in SL (Ref. 90102). Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Morphology-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-14 00:00:00 2013-04-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 28 - 31; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 26 - 28 Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Distribution-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-07-15 00:00:00 2022-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Eastern Indian Ocean: known only from Cocos-Keeling Islands and Christmas Island. Pacific Ocean: Ryukyu Islands and Great Barrier Reef to the Hawaiian Islands and French Polynesia (excluding Rapa). This species has crossed the Eastern Pacific Barrier to the Revillagigedo Islands, Cocos Island, Galapagos Islands, and the coast of Mexico. Randall, J.E. 2001 Surgeonfishes of Hawai'i and the world.. Mutual Publishing and Bishop Museum Press, Hawai'i. 123 p. (Ref. 37792) FB-Uses-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-07-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquarium: commercial Krupp, F. 1995 Acanthuridae. Sangradores, cirujanos, navajones. p. 839-844. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9267) Miyasaka, A. 1993 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) FB-LifeCycle-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-07-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6011&StockCode=6325 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884). Thresher, R.E. 1984 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) FB-TrophicStrategy-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-22 00:00:00 2007-10-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public nigricans http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Inhabits hard substrate areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to at least 67 m and feeds on filamentous algae (Ref. 58534, 58652). Monogamous (Ref. 52884, 48637). Small juveniles shy among large corals (Ref. 48637). A territorial species. Roving herbivore (Ref. 57615). Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg 1960 Ecological relationships of the fish fauna on coral reefs of the Marshall Islands. Ecol. Monogr. 30(1):65-127. (Ref. 275) FB-Size-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-07-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 36.0 cm FL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 125599)); max. published weight: 620 g (Ref. 125599); max. reported age: 34 years (Ref. 52229) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi 2019 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-19-03, 9 p. (Ref. 125599) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi 2019 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-19-03, 9 p. (Ref. 125599) Choat, J.H. and D.R. Robertson 2002 Age-based studies on coral reef fishes. p. 57-80. In P.F. Sale (ed.) Coral reef fishes: dynamics and diversity in a complex ecosystem. Academic Press. (Ref. 52229) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-07-15 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6011 reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 0 - 67 m (Ref. 1602), usually 2 - 67 m (Ref. 27115) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115)