FB-5955 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Syngnathiformes Syngnathidae Hippocampus Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852 Geel seeperdjie Buzizi Hisan al-Bahar Kheil Plettet søhest Common seahorse Estuarine seahorse Estuary seahorse Oceanic sea horse Oceanic sea horse red Sea horse Seahorse Spotted seahorse Yellow sea horse Yellow seahorse Kuda merihobuke ose ni waitui Cheval marin Grand hippocampe Hippocampe d'estuaire Hippocampe doré Ô-umiuma 복해마 Kuthirameen കുതിര മീന് കുതിരമീന് Korek telinga Kuda laut Kuda laut hitam Kuda laut merah Kuda laut rintik Kuda-kuda Tangkur kuda Gul Sjöhäst Kabayo-kabayohan Manam ม้าน้ำ Cá Ngựa đen Cá Ngựa lớn Cheval de mer Dundu Godamas Hoc niwi Kuli tuguru ni tahi Rumeni morski konjiček 库达海马 庫達海馬 管海馬 管海马 黑海馬 黑海马 Hippocamphus kuda Bleeker, 1852 Hippocampus aterrimus Jordan & Snyder, 1902 Hippocampus chinensis Basilewsky, 1855 Hippocampus hilonis Jordan & Evermann, 1903 Hippocampus horai Duncker, 1926 Hippocampus kuda multiannularis Raj, 1941 Hippocampus melanospilos Bleeker, 1854 Hippocampus moluccensis Bleeker, 1852 Hippocampus novaehebudorum Fowler, 1944 Hippocampus polytaenia Bleeker, 1854 Hippocampus raji Whitley, 1955 Hippocampus rhynchomacer Duméril, 1870 Hippocampus taeniops Fowler, 1904 Hippocampus taeniopterus Bleeker, 1852 1992-06-16 2013-02-28 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Wong0 Juvenile fish assemblages in mangrove and non-mangrove soft-shore habitats in eastern Hong Kong. Zool. Stud. 49(6):760-778. (Ref. 125515) Fok, M.-S.M.0 Baseline survey of fish juvenile assemblages in Tolo Harbour and Channel, Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Pok Fu Lam, University of Hong Kong, MSc Thesis, 163 p. (Ref. 125536) Chan, T.T.C. and Y. Sadovy0 Profile of the marine aquarium fish trade in Hong Kong. Aquar. Sci. Conserv. 2(4):197-213. (Ref. 125588) Vaitheeswaran, T., N. Jayakumar and V.K. Venkataramani0 Age and growth of seahorse <i>Hippocampus kuda</i> (Bleeker, 1852) (Family: Syngnathidae) from Thoothkudi, southeast coast of India. Tamilnadu J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 8(4):203-208. (Ref. 126760) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Camins, E., L.M. Stanton, M.J. Correia and A.C.J. Vincent0 Comprehensive review of advances in life history of 35 seahorse species, drawn from community science. Fisheries Centre Research Report 31(1):107p. (Ref. 128812) Foster, S.J.0 Implementation of CITES Appendix II listing for seahorses in the context of export bans and suspensions. Fisheries Centre Research Report 31(3):306 pp. (Ref. 129070) Cornish, A.S.0 The reef fish species of the Cape D' Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Yan Chau Tong Marine Park and Ping Chau, Hong Kong. pp. 369-382 In B. Morton (ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China V, Proceedings of the Tenth International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 6-26 April 1998. Hong Kong University Press. (Ref. 129329) Flandinette, P.0 Secret Seas Discovering the secrets of Oman's underwater world. Mazoon Printing, Publishing and Packaging LLC: Muscat, Oman. 239p. (Ref. 129713) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Camins, E., L.M. Stanton, M.J. Correia, S.J. Foster, H.J. Koldewey and A.C.J. Vincent0 Advances in life‐history knowledge for 35 seahorse species from community science. J. Fish Biol. 104(5):1548-1565. (Ref. 137497) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-5955-10595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hikud_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Hikud_u0.gif FB-pic-5955-15567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Rodolfo B. Reyes 1997-09-25 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hikud_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hikud_u2.jpg FB-pic-5955-20365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-10 2000-10-24 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription night light Locality: Waianae, Oahu, Hawaii. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hikud_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hikud_u0.jpg Locality: Waianae, Oahu, Hawaii. FB-pic-5955-44378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-07 2006-04-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hikud_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hikud_u4.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-16 00:00:00 2013-02-28 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabit seagrass and marine algae areas of estuaries and seaward reefs; also on steep mud slopes. Found in open water and attached to drifting Sargassum up to 20 km from shore. Adults in pairs (Ref. 48635). Benthic to pelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 85309). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The males carry the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Not shown to be monogamous in the laboratory (Ref. 30915). Very popular aquarium fish. Highly valued species in traditional Chinese medicine (Ref. 30915). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35416). Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster 2016 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-08-31 00:00:00 2009-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Description: (based on 80 specimens): Adult height: 7.0-17.0cm. Rings: 11+36 (34-38). Snout length: 2.3 (2.0-2.6) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17-18 covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 16 (15-18). Coronet: low-medium, rounded, overhanging at the back, often with a cup-like depression in the top; sometimes with broad flanges; not spiny. Spines: low, rounded bumps only. Other distinctive characters: deep head; deep body; thick snout. Color pattern: often totally black with a grainy texture; alternatively pale yellow or cream with fairly large, dark spots (especially females); may be sandy colored, blending in with the surroundings. Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Morphology-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-08-31 00:00:00 2009-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 18; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 4 Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Distribution-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-16 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-Pacific: southern Africa, the Red Sea to Hawaii and French Polynesia; north to Japan, south to Australia. Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster 2016 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FB-Uses-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-16 00:00:00 2013-02-28 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability: Vincent, A.C.J. 1996 The international trade in seahorses. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK. 163 p. (Ref. 12238) Xu, G. 1985 Fish mariculture studies in China. ICLARM Newsl. 8(4):5-6. (Ref. 31845) Baensch, H.A. 1992 Neue Meerwasser-Praxis. Tetra Verlag, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 7309) FB-LifeCycle-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-06-16 00:00:00 2013-02-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5955&StockCode=6264 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription There are 20 - 1000 larvae in incubating sacks; time of development is 20-28 days. The males carry the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 2005-02-17 00:00:00 2023-08-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public kuda http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Found in rocks and gravel (Ref. 52034) of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154), on both mangrove and non-mangrove mudflats (Ref. 125515). Dwells in macroalga/kelp, coral and rocky reefs, loose rock/pebble/gravel, subtidal rocky and sandy substrates (Ref. 128812), and soft bottom areas with sand, silt and seagrass (Ref. 129070). Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent 2004 Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65(1):1-61. (Ref. 52034) FB-Size-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-16 00:00:00 2013-02-28 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1602)) Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-5955-29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-15 00:00:00 2003-09-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=5955&StockCode=6264 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Costia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2000 Diseases in marine aquarium fish: causes, development, symptoms, treatment. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 96 p. Second edition. (Ref. 41806) FB-Habitat-5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-16 00:00:00 2013-02-28 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5955 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 68 m (Ref. 37816), usually 0 - 8 m (Ref. 90102) Myers, R.F. 1999 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102)