FB-5536 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5536 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sparidae Spondyliosoma Spondyliosoma emarginatum (Valenciennes, 1830) Dourada austral Steentjie مرجان أُسترالي Steentje seabream Steentjie Steentjie seabream Aafrika hammaskoger Dorade australe Chopa austral 絨牙椎鯛 绒牙椎鲷 绒牙锥鲷 Cantharus emarginatum Valenciennes, 1830 Cantharus emarginatus Valenciennes, 1830 Cantharus microlepis Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909 1992-06-02 2013-07-18 Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith0 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670) Torres, F.S.B. 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(Ref. 131189) FB-pic-5536-24168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1999-09-10 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5536 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Spema_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Spema_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-5536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5536 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found over rocky substrates of oceanic waters. Enters estuaries where it lives among the weeds. Feeds on algae and small crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-Morphology-5536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-02-22 00:00:00 1997-02-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5536 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 13; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 10 Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-Distribution-5536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2011-03-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5536 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and southern Madagascar. van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.) 1991 Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p. (Ref. 4332) FB-Uses-5536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5536 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy fisheries: commercial; bait: usually Bauchot, M.-L. and G. Bianchi 1984 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. Guide des poissons commerciaux de Madagascar (espèces marines et d'eaux saumâtres). Avec le support du Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (Project RAF/79/065). Rome, FAO. 135 p. (Ref. 9391) Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507) FB-LifeCycle-5536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5536&StockCode=5825 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Eggs are laid in a shallow depression and guarded by the male until they hatch. Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-TrophicStrategy-5536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-13 00:00:00 2000-11-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public emarginatum http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found over rocky substrates of oceanic waters. Enters estuaries where it lives among the weeds. Feeds on algae and small crustaceans. Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-Size-5536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5536 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 45.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3198)) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5536 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses demersal; brackish; marine; depth range ? - 60 m (Ref. 4332) van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.) 1991 Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p. (Ref. 4332)