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	<dc:identifier>FB-46136</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Syngnathiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Syngnathidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Halicampus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Halicampus spinirostris (Dawson &amp; Allen, 1981)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Parma teverenská</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Tiberi pardkala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>意大利魮</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Barbus canalii Valenciennes, 1842</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Barbus eques Cuvier, 1829</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Barbus eques Valenciennes, 1842</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Barbus fluviatilis tyberinus Bonaparte, 1839</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1998-02-05</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-04-17</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13696&amp;speccode=46148'>Kottelat, M.0 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13735&amp;speccode=46148'>Bianco, P.G.0 A revision of the Italian &lt;i&gt;Barbus&lt;/i&gt; species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 6(4):305-324. (Ref. 13735)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26100&amp;speccode=46148'>Crivelli, A.J.0 The freshwater fish endemic to the Mediterranean region. An action plan for their conservation. Tour du Valat Publication, 171 p. (Ref. 26100)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=46148'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31730&amp;speccode=46148'>Bianco, P.G.0 Diversity of Barbinae fishes in southern Europe with description of a new genus and a new species (Cyprinidae). Ital. J. Zool. 65:125-136. (Ref. 31730)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-8317-0564-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36508&amp;speccode=46148'>Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=46148'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45688&amp;speccode=46148'>Bianco, P.G. and V. Ketmaier0 Anthropogenic changes in the freshwater fish fauna of Italy, with reference to the central region and &lt;i&gt;Barbus graellsii&lt;/i&gt;, a newly established alien species of Iberian origin. J. Fish Biol. 59(Suppl.A):190-208. (Ref. 45688)</reference>
	<reference isbn='80-7036-139-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51055&amp;speccode=46148'>Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=46148'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=46148'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94493&amp;speccode=46148'>Bianco, P.G.0 An update on the status of native and exotic freshwater fishes of Italy. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 30(1):62-77. (Ref. 94493)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=46148'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=46148'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-46148</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-02-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-17 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in water courses on low-lying plains (Ref. 26100).  Inhabits piedmont rivers and lakes.  Prefers fast running water, but also occurs in moderate flowing waters of warm rivers and lakes.  Feeds mainly on aquatic plants and invertebrates.  Spawns in shallow water, over sand or gravel bottom (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=46148'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-03-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2010-04-26 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Diagnosed from its congeners in Apennine Peninsula by the possession of the following characters:  lateral line with 47-62 scales; back plain, sides with conspicuous dark spots; paired fins with spots; peritoneum grey; last simple dorsal ray feebly spinous, finely serrated posteriorly in small individuals; ray weak and serrae tend to disappear in individuals over about 15-20 cm SL; lower lip with a median swollen pad; and scales with free posterior part rounded (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31730&amp;speccode=46148'>Bianco, P.G. 1998 Diversity of Barbinae fishes in southern Europe with description of a new genus and a new species (Cyprinidae). Ital. J. Zool. 65:125-136. (Ref. 31730)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-46148</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-03-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2010-04-26 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46148</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal soft rays (total): 8</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31730&amp;speccode=46148'>Bianco, P.G. 1998 Diversity of Barbinae fishes in southern Europe with description of a new genus and a new species (Cyprinidae). Ital. J. Zool. 65:125-136. (Ref. 31730)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-46148</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-02-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46148</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Europe:  endemic to Italy: Tyrrhenian Sea basin, between rivers at Genova and Sele drainage; Adriatic basin, from Essino to Ofanto drainages.  Introduced in other drainages in Italy.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13696&amp;speccode=46148'>Kottelat, M. 1997 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-46148</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-02-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-17 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46148</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26100&amp;speccode=46148'>Crivelli, A.J. 1996 The freshwater fish endemic to the Mediterranean region. An action plan for their conservation. Tour du Valat Publication, 171 p. (Ref. 26100)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-46148</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-02-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 31730)); max. published weight: 4,000 g (Ref. 31730); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref. 59043)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31730&amp;speccode=46148'>Bianco, P.G. 1998 Diversity of Barbinae fishes in southern Europe with description of a new genus and a new species (Cyprinidae). Ital. J. Zool. 65:125-136. (Ref. 31730)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31730&amp;speccode=46148'>Bianco, P.G. 1998 Diversity of Barbinae fishes in southern Europe with description of a new genus and a new species (Cyprinidae). Ital. J. Zool. 65:125-136. (Ref. 31730)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=46148'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-46148</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-02-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-17 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; non-migratory; freshwater</dc:description>
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