FB-4513 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 Animalia Chordata Chondrostei Acipenseriformes Polyodontidae Psephurus Psephurus gladius (Martens, 1862) Wioslonos chinski Veslonos čínský Kinesisk spadestør Chinesischer Schaufelstör Chinese paddlefish Chinese Paddlefish Chinese swordfish Sword-billed sturgeon Mõõktuur Miekkasampi веслонос китайский Kinesisk svärdstör Svärdstör Веслоніс китайський Псефур Kitajski veslokljun 白鱘 白鲟 箭鱼 象鱼 Polyodon gladius Martens, 1862 1991-07-06 2024-01-23 Nelson, J.S.0 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. (Ref. 245) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) IUCN0 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. (Ref. 6376) Birstein, V.J.0 Sturgeons and paddlefishes: threatened fishes in need of conservation. Conserv. Biol. 7:773-787. (Ref. 6866) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Günther, A.C.L.G.0 An introduction to the study of fishes. Today & Tomorrow's Book Agency, New Delhi. 720 p. (Ref. 11410) Baillie, J. and B. Groombridge (eds.)0 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 378 p. (Ref. 12255) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965) Hwang, H.C., P.C. Yueh and S.F. Yu0 The freshwater fishes of China in colored illustrations. Vol. 1. Shanghai Sciences and Technology Press, Shanghai, China. 173 p. (Ref. 26561) Mims, S.D., T.A. Georgi and C.H. Liu0 The Chinese paddlefish, <i>Psephurus gladius</i>: biology, life history, and potential for cultivation. World Aquacult. 24(1):46-48. (Ref. 28581) Randolph, S. and M. Snyder0 The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var. 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Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321) Kullander, S.O.0 Checklist of Swedish common names. Personal Communication. Provided excel file. (Ref. 48591) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a rybovití obratlovci (Pisces) II., nozdratí (Sarcopterygii), paprskoploutví (Actinopterygii) [chrupavčití (Chondrostei), kostnatí (Neopterygii): kostlíni (Semionotiformes) - bezostní (Clupeiformes)]. Národní muzeum (zoologické odděleí), Praha. (Ref. 51054) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Stone, R.0 The last of the leviathans. Science 316:1684-1688. (Ref. 58490) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Chen, X.0 The biology and resources of Acipenseriformes. Ocean Press. China. (Ref. 93286) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 25 September 2012. UNEP. (Ref. 93496) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 12 June 2013. UNEP. 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(Ref. 108899) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Qiwei, W.0 <i>Psephurus gladius</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T18428A8264989. Downloaded on 6 April 2018. (Ref. 117880) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 October 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 08/17/2017]. (Ref. 118484) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals-CMS0 Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (CMS). xxx (Ref. 131118) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) FB-pic-4513-50896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2009-04-21 2010-11-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Psgla_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Psgla_j0.jpg FB-pic-4513-50897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2009-04-21 2010-11-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Psgla_j1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Psgla_j1.jpg FB-pic-4513-50898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2009-04-21 2009-04-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Psgla_j2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Psgla_j2.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-06 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution This species is considered anadromous for it spends at least part of its life in the sea and migrates upriver to reproduce. It occurs in broad surfaced main streams of large rivers, usually staying in the middle and lower layers of the water column and occasionally swims into large lakes. Spawning period is in March and April with spawning sites located in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River but was also reported to take place in the lower Jinsha River between Shuifu and Yibin (Ref. 117880). It grows to 3 m in length and 300 kg in weight (Ref. 28581). Reported length of 7 m SL (Ref. 6866) and 500 kg weight (Ref. 4537, 58490) are doubtful (Paxton, pers. comm.). Piscivorous throughout most of its life. Threatened due to over harvesting and habitat loss (Ref. 58490). Expected number of mature individuals in the wild, less than 50, but more extensive surveys are needed across its range to confirm its existence; last seen in 2003 (Ref. 117880). Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2003-02-26 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 Head very long, snout extraordinarily long, pointed and paddle-like and base broad; mouth very large. Wang, S. (ed.) 1998 China red data book of endangered animals. Pisces. National Environmental Protection Agency. Endangered Species Scientific Commision. Science Press, Beijing, China. 247p. (Ref. 45563) FB-Distribution-4513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-06 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Asia: China, endemic to the Yangtze River and its tributaries. Nelson, J.S. 1984 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. (Ref. 245) FB-Uses-4513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-06 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Migration-4513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-06 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Qiwei, W. 2010 <i>Psephurus gladius</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T18428A8264989. Downloaded on 6 April 2018. (Ref. 117880) FB-TrophicStrategy-4513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-21 00:00:00 2003-02-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public gladius http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Lives in main streams of large rivers and occasionally swims into lakes (Ref. 45563). Feeds on fish and benthic crustaceans (Ref. 28581). Mims, S.D., T.A. Georgi and C.H. Liu 1993 The Chinese paddlefish, <i>Psephurus gladius</i>: biology, life history, and potential for cultivation. World Aquacult. 24(1):46-48. (Ref. 28581) FB-Size-4513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-06 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 300 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 28581)); max. published weight: 300.0 kg (Ref. 28581) Mims, S.D., T.A. Georgi and C.H. Liu 1993 The Chinese paddlefish, <i>Psephurus gladius</i>: biology, life history, and potential for cultivation. World Aquacult. 24(1):46-48. (Ref. 28581) Mims, S.D., T.A. Georgi and C.H. Liu 1993 The Chinese paddlefish, <i>Psephurus gladius</i>: biology, life history, and potential for cultivation. World Aquacult. 24(1):46-48. (Ref. 28581) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-06 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4513 demersal; anadromous (Ref. 117880); freshwater; brackish; marine Qiwei, W. 2010 <i>Psephurus gladius</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T18428A8264989. Downloaded on 6 April 2018. (Ref. 117880)