FB-31 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=31 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gadiformes Gadidae Micromesistius Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) Lysing Morszczuk Morszczuk zwyczajny a. europejski Marmota Pescada Pescada branca Pescada marmota Pescada-branca Pescada-marmota Pescadinha Bakalaku Merluci Harmoût Abyad Lirjous Mernouze Merlan Merluzzo Nasalli Nazelli Antxobilla Bitarteko legatz Karioka Kariokilia Kariokilla Klabito Lebatz Leatz Leba Legatz Legatz arrunt Mediana Merlenka Peskadilla Tarteko legatz Nasellu Cegddu Europæisk kulmule Kulmule Europäischer Seehecht Hechtdorsch Seehecht Cornish salmon European hake Hake Herring hake Euroopa merluus Lýsingur Kummeli Kummeliturska Abadioa Ânon Bardot Brochet de mer Canapé Colin Colinet Hoglet Merlan Merlu Merlu blanc Merlu commun Merlu européen Merluche Merluchon Nasello Saai Saqqaya Magarčić Mol Murluc Oslić Tovar Ugota Lýsingur Asinel Lovo Luzzu Marluzzu Mazzoni Mbarluzzu Merlan Merluzziello Merluzzo Merluzzu Milluzzu Mirruzzu Nasello Nuzz Nuzze Organelo Pesce lupo Pesce prete Marloz Marlozz Maroz Merluzz Merluzz ewropew Mirluzz Merluza Merluzovye Merluzy Мерлуза восточноатлантическая мерлуза обыкновенная Oslic Oslić Guard fish Herring hake Sea pike Kummel Berlam Berlam balığı Berlam, Bakalyora Мерлуза європейська Хек Хек європейський Хек сріблястий Alambolo Carioca Cria Ilus Iluz Lejatxa Merluza Merluza europea Merluzza Pescada Pescadilla Pijota Pijotilla Pijoton Pitillo An colmóir Bacaliàros Bakaliáros Europese heek Heek Lluç Merluciu european Merluciu sud-african Mpakaliaros Oslič Osliè Stockvisch heek Stokvis Μπακαλιάρος Μπακαλιέρος 欧洲无须鳕 歐洲無鬚鱈 Gadus byrkelange Walbaum, 1792 Gadus merluccius Linnaeus, 1758 Gadus ruber Lacepède, 1803 Hidronus marlucius Minding, 1832 Hydronus marlucius Minding, 1832 Merluccius ambiguous Lowe, 1841 Merluccius ambiguus Lowe, 1841 Merluccius argentatus Günther, 1862 Merluccius esculentus Risso, 1827 Merluccius linnei Malm, 1877 Merluccius merluccius lessepsianus Lloris, Matallanas & Oliver, 2003 Merluccius smiridus Rafinesque, 1810 Merluccius vulgaris Fleming, 1828 Merlucius ambiguus Lowe, 1841 Merlucius esculentus Risso, 1827 Merlucius lanatus Gronow, 1854 Merlucius sinuatus Swainson, 1838 Molva byrkelange (Walbaum, 1792) Onus guttatus (non Collett, 1890) Onus riali Rafinesque, 1810 Trachinoides maroccanus Borodin, 1934 Trachinoides moroccanus Borodin, 1934 1990-10-17 2018-04-25 Trewavas, E.0 Tilapias: taxonomy and speciation. p. 3-13. 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A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) ICES0 Hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>) in divisions 8.c and 9.a, Southern stock (Cantabrian Sea and Atlantic Iberian waters). ICES Advice on fishing opportunities, catch, and effort. (Ref. 119234) ICES0 Hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>) in subareas 4, 6, and 7, and in divisions 3.a, 8.a-b, and 8.d, Northern stock (Greater North Sea, Celtic Seas, and the northern Bay of Biscay). ICES Advice on fishing opportunities, catch, and effort. (Ref. 119238) Mahé, K., E. Bellamy, J.-P. Delpech, C. Lazard, M. Salaun, Y. Vérin, F. Coppin and M. Travers-Trolet0 Evidence of a relationship between weight and total length of marine fish in the North-eastern Atlantic Ocean: physiological, spatial and temporal variations. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98(3):627-625. (Ref. 119547) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro, K.M. Kleisner and H. Winker0 Estimating fisheries reference points from catch and resilience. Fish and Fisheries 18(3):506-526. (Ref. 120179) Mahe, K., R. Amara, T. Bryckaert, M. Kacher and J.M. Brylinski0 Ontogenetic and spatial variation in the diet of hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>) in the Bay of Biscay and the Celtic Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64(6):1210-1219. (Ref. 121397) ICES0 Hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>) in divisions 8.c and 9.a, Southern stock (Cantabrian Sea and Atlantic Iberian waters). ICES Advice on fishing opportunities, catch, and effort. (Ref. 122218) ICES0 Hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>) in subareas 4, 6, and 7, and in divisions 3.a, 8.a-b, and 8.d, Northern stock (Greater North Sea, Celtic Seas, and the northern Bay of Biscay). ICES Advice on fishing opportunities, catch, and effort. (Ref. 122219) Girgin, H.: Başusta, N.0 Growth characteristics of the European hake, <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> (Linnaeus, 1758), inhabiting northeastern Mediterranean. Acta Adriatica 61(1):79-87. (Ref. 122501) Soykan, O., A.T. Ilkyaz, G. Metin and H.T. Kinacigil0 Age, growth and reproduction of European hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i> (Linn., 1758)) in the Central Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95(4):829-837. (Ref. 122502) Akalin, S.0 Investigations of the age and growth characteristics of European hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i> L., 1758) in Edremit Bay. PhD thesis. Ege University, Turkey, 133 p. (Ref. 122503) Ligas, A., C. Pierattini, C. Viva, D. Bertolini and P. Belcari0 Age estimation and growth of european hake, <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Atti Soc. tosc. Sci. nat., Mem. B(118):9-14. (Ref. 122504) Compillo, A.0 Les Pêcheries Françaises de Méditerranée: Synthèse des Connaissances. Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), IFREMER Report, 206 p. (Ref. 122505) Kahraman, A.E., T. Yıldız, U. Uzer and F.S. Karakulak0 Age composition, growth and mortality of European hake <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii: Merlucciidae) from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 69(3):377-384. (Ref. 122506) Uzer, U., B. Öztürk and T. Yildiz0 Age composition, growth, and mortality of European hake <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> (Actinopterygii: Gadiformes: Merlucciidae) from the northern Aegean Sea, Turkey. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 49(2):109-117. (Ref. 122507) Gül, G., E. Murat-Dalkara, A. Yüksek and N. Demirel0 Age and growth of European hake, <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> in the Sea of Marmara. COMU Journal of Marine Science and Fisheries 2(2):147-154. (Ref. 122508) Daban, İ.B., M. Arslan İhsanoğlu, A. İşmen and H. İnceoğlu0 Length-Weight Relationships of 17 Teleost Fishes in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. KSU J. Agric. Nat. 23(5):1245-1256. (Ref. 122963) Johannesen, E., H.L. Mork, K. Korsbrekke, R. Wienerroither, E. Eriksen, M. Fossheim, T. de Lange Wenneck, A. Dolgov, T. Prokhorova and D. Prozorkevich0 Arctic fishes in the Barents Sea 2004-2015: changes in abundance and distribution. IMR/PINRO Joint Report Series 1:50p. (Ref. 123022) Andreasen, H., S.D. Ross, U. Siebert, N.G. Andersen, K. Ronnenberg and A. Gilles0 Diet composition and food consumption rate of harbor porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) in the western Baltic Sea. Marine Mammal Science 33(4):1053-1079. (Ref. 123607) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro and H. Winker0 User Guide for CMSY++. GEOMAR, Germany, 17 p. (Ref. 124174) Mehanna, S.F. and A.E. Farouk0 Length-weight relationship of 60 fish species from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt (GFCM-GSA 26). Front. Mar. Sci. 2021. (Ref. 124816) Falsone, F., M.L. Geraci, D. Scanella, V. Gancitano, F. Di Maio, G. Sardo, F. Quattrocchi and S. Vitale0 Length-weight relationships of 52 species from the South of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea). Fishes 7(92). (Ref. 126095) Ilkyaz, A.T., G. Metin, O. Soykan and H.T. Kinacigil0 Spawning season, first maturity length and age of 21 fish species from the central Aegean Sea, Turkey. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 18:211-216. (Ref. 126587) Relini, G., Peirano, A., Tunesi, L.0 Osservazioni sulle comunità dei fondi strascicatoli del Mar Ligure Centro-Orientale. Boll. Mus. ht. Biol. Univ. Genova 52 suppl., 139-1. (Ref. 128002) Martins, R. and M. Carneiro0 Manual de identificação de peixes ósseos da costa continental portuguesa. Principais características diagnosticantes. IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisboa:1-204. (Ref. 128458) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Rodríguez-García, C., J. Castro-Gutiérrez, A.R. Domínguez-Bustos, A. García-González and R. Cabrera-Castro0 Every fish counts: Challenging length-weight relationship bias in discards. Fishes 8(222)1-18. (Ref. 128593) Froese, R. and V.A. Parducho0 Global stocks spreadsheet as of December 9, 2022. Excel file from V.A. Parducho, pers. comm. (Ref. 128993) Petit-Marty, N., M. Liu, I.Z. Tan, A. Chung, B. Terrasa, B. Guijarro, F. Ordines, S. Ramirez-Amaro, E. Massuti and C. Schunter0 Declining population sizes and loss of genetic diversity in commercial fishes: a simple method for a first diagnostic. Frontiers in Marine Science 9(872537):1-11. (Ref. 130275) Theocharis, A., M. Vlachou, A. Conides and D. Klaoudatos0 Population biology of European hake (<i>Merluccius merluccius</i>, Linnaeus, 1758) in Greece. Academia Biology 2023:1. (Ref. 131123) Keskin, A. and D. Pauly0 Testing predictions of length at first maturity of teleostean fishes, given their maximum length. Cybium 47(3):249-257. (Ref. 131385) Kahraman, A.E., T. Yildiz, U. Uzer and F.S. Karakulak0 Sexual maturity and reproductive patterns of European hake <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii: Merlucciidae) from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Acta Zool. Bulg. 69(3):385-392. (Ref. 131421) Asoc. Plataforma Defensa Medio-Ambiental Ondarroa 12 mil0 Basque Fish Names Asoc. Plataforma Defensa Medio-Ambiental Ondarroa 12 mil. https://arrainak.eus/arrainak. (Ref. 132948) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-30-13236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-02-07 1997-02-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Memer_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Memer_u1.gif FB-pic-30-13237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-02-07 1997-02-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Memer_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Memer_u2.gif FB-GeneralDescr-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Minimum depth from Ref. 128002. Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388). Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371) FB-DiagnosticDescr-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-12-19 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52. Svetovidov, A.N. 1986 Merlucciidae. p. 677-679. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4772) FB-Morphology-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-12-19 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 43 - 51; Analsoft rays: 36 - 40 Svetovidov, A.N. 1986 Merlucciidae. p. 677-679. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4772) FB-Distribution-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-06-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea. Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371) FB-Uses-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-LifeCycle-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=30&StockCode=40 Continuous recruitment of oocytes connotes indeterminate fecundity for this species (Ref. 79799). Svetovidov, A.N. 1986 Merlucciidae. p. 677-679. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4772) FB-TrophicStrategy-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-12-19 00:00:00 2014-04-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public merluccius Juveniles are found in deep waters ( Svetovidov, A.N. 1986 Merlucciidae. p. 677-679. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4772) FB-Size-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 140 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371)); max. published weight: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); max. reported age: 20 years (Ref. 35388) Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371) Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=30 demersal; marine; depth range 18 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388) Lloris, D., J. Matallanas and P. Oliver 2005 Hakes of the world (Family Merlucciidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of hake species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 2:57p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 58452) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)