FB-276 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=276 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Leuciscidae Notemigonus Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill, 1814) Kapoor-e-Sargondeh Tolpyga pstra tołpyga pstra Carpa-cabeça-grande Ballëgjeri laraman Ballgjeri laraman Pastar tolstolob Gaung gyi nga chin Tolstolebec pestrý Tolstolobec pestrý Tolstolobik pestrý Marmorkarpe Gefleckter Silber Karpfen (Marmor Karpfen) Gefleckter Silberkarpfen Marmorkarpfen Big head Bighead Bighead carp Jämepea Kirju pakslaup kirju pakslaup (jämepea) Marmoripaksuotsa Amour à grosse tête Amour marbré Carpe à grosse tête Carpe chinoise Carpe marbrée כסיף -נמרון pettyes busa Carpa dalla testa grande Kokuren コクレン Belli-gende 대두어 raibais platbieris margasis plačiakaktis Kap kepala besar Tongsan Pestryi tolstolob Piestryi tolstolobik Пестрый толстолобик пестрый толстолобик толстолоб пестрый Толстолобик пестрый Tolstolob pestrý Marmorkarp Pla song hea Pla song heu Pla tao teo ปลาเต๋าเต้ย ปลาซ่งฮื้อ Tovstolob strokatyi Товстолобик строкатий Cá Mè hoa Carpa cabeza grande Carpa cabezona Crap argintiu nobil Grootkopkarper Marmarokyprinos Novac Sivi tolstolobik Μαρμαροκυπρίνος Чаар макоо балык كپور سرگنده 大头鲢 Dai tau 胖头鲢 Boon tau ue 花鰱 花鲢 Sung ue 鱅 鱅 (花鰱) 鳙 鳙 (花鲢) Hak lin 黑鲢 Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) Hypothalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) Leuciscus nobilis Richardson, 1845 1990-10-17 2015-02-06 Jhingran, V.G. and R.S.V. 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Journal of Analytical Science and Technology 6(5):1-9. (Ref. 125589) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Chan, J.C.F., A.H.F. Tsang, S.-M. Yau, T.C.H. Hui, A. Lau, H.H. Tan, B.W. Low, D. Dudgeon and J.H. Liew0 The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins. Raffles Bull. Zool. 71:128-168. (Ref. 129032) FB-pic-275-44229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-06 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=275 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Arnob_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Arnob_u4.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-09 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=275 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Adults occur in rivers with marked water-level fluctuations, overwinters in middle and lower stretches. As bottom feeders (Ref. 6459), they feed in shallow (0.5-1.5 m deep) and warm (over 24°C) backwaters, lakes and flooded areas with slow current on zooplankton and algae (Ref. 59043) throughout its life under natural conditions (Ref. 120904). Breeding ocurrs in very deep, very turbid and warm water above 18°C (usually 22-30°C), with high current (1.1-1.9 m/s) and high oxygen concentrations. Stocked to large rivers and almost all still water bodies as lakes and ponds. In aquaculture, adults can survive brackish water (up to 7 ppt) when released into estuaries and coastal lakes. They undertake long distance upriver migration at start of a rapid flood and water-level increase (in April-July depending on locality). Spawning occurs in upper water layer or even at surface during floods. Spawning ceases if conditions change and resumes again when water level increases. After spawning, adults migrate for foraging habitats, Larvae drift downstream and settle in floodplain lakes, shallow shores and backwaters with little or no current. During autumn-winter, when temperature drops to 10°C, juveniles and adults form separate large schools and migrate downstream to deeper places in main course of river to overwinter (Ref. 59043). Marketed fresh and frozen. Kottelat, M. 2001 Freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam. A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature. Environment and Social Development Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region. The World Bank. 123 p. (Ref. 44416) FB-DiagnosticDescr-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2002-09-25 00:00:00 2010-05-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=275 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Body with numerous scattered small black blotches. Keels extend from pelvic base to anus. Barbels absent. Posterior margin of last simple dorsal ray not serrated. Branched anal rays 13-14.5 (Ref. 13274). Differs from Hypophthalmichthys molitrix by having scaled keel from pelvic to anal, 240-300 long gill rakes, head length 27-35% SL, dark overall coloration, flank with dark, large, very irregularly shaped blotches, fin bases and inferior parts of head and belly yellowish (Ref. 59043). Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Morphology-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2002-09-25 00:00:00 2010-05-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=275 Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Anal spines: 1 - 3; Analsoft rays: 12 - 14 Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Distribution-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-04-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=275 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Asia: China. Introduced to numerous countries and has achieved a near global distribution. However, its breeding requirements are very specialized and stocks are maintained by artificial reproduction or continuous importation. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739). Often confused with Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Ref. 59043). FAO 2019 <i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i> (Richardson, 1845). http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Hypophthalmichthys_nobilis/en. Accessed on 6 September 2019. (Ref. 120904) FB-Uses-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-09 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=275 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059) FB-Migration-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=275 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-LifeCycle-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Produces up to 100,000 eggs (Ref. 2059). Eggs are yellowish, transparent, and hatch after about 2 days at temperatures around 25°C while drifting downstream in the deep open-water layer (Ref. 59043). Abdusamadov, A.S. 1986 Biology of White Amur, <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>, silver carp, <i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>, and bighead, <i>Aristichthys nobilis</i>, acclimatized in the Terek region of the Caspian basin. J. Ichthyol. 26(4):41-49. (Ref. 26343) FB-TrophicStrategy-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-06-18 00:00:00 2018-04-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public nobilis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs in rivers (Ref. 6459, 10294) and lakes. Feeds mainly on zooplankton (Ref. 6459); also on insect larvae and clumps of algae (Ref. 10294). Bottom feeding fish (Ref. 6459). Reported host of the bodonid flagellate Cryptobia sp. (Ref. 26129). Cremer, M.C. and R.O. Smitherman 1980 Food habits and growth of silver and bighead carp in cages and ponds. Aquaculture 20:57-64. (Ref. 30532) FB-Size-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-09 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=275 146 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043)); max. published weight: 40.0 kg (Ref. 59043); max. reported age: 20 years (Ref. 59043) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-275-1327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-09-10 00:00:00 2004-09-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Anchor worm Disease 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Shariff, M. and C. Sommerville 1986 Identification and distribution of <i>Lernaea</i> spp. in Peninsular Malaysia. p. 269-272. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon and L.V. Hosillos (eds.) The first Asian Fisheries Forum. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 51773) FB-Diseases-275-12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-09-10 00:00:00 2004-09-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Anchor worm Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Shariff, M. and C. Sommerville 1986 Identification and distribution of <i>Lernaea</i> spp. in Peninsular Malaysia. p. 269-272. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon and L.V. Hosillos (eds.) The first Asian Fisheries Forum. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 51773) FB-Diseases-275-410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-02 00:00:00 2002-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Bothriocephalus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-08-07 00:00:00 2002-08-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Cryptobia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-07-23 00:00:00 2002-07-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dactylogyrus Gill Flukes Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-1330 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-10-07 00:00:00 2004-10-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 Dactylogyrus Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Shaharom-Harrison, F. 1986 The reproductive biology of <i>Dactylogyrus nobilis</i> (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae from the gills of bighead carp (<i>Aristichthys nobilis</i>). p.265-268. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon and L.V. Hosillos (eds.) The first Asian Fisheries Forum. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 51772) FB-Diseases-275-11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-17 00:00:00 2004-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Enteric Redmouth Disease. Bacterial diseases Horne, M.T. and A.C. Barnes 1999 Enteric redmouth disease (<i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>). p.455-477. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48849) FB-Diseases-275-361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-08-07 00:00:00 2002-08-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats False Fungal Infection (Apiosoma sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-02 00:00:00 2002-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Fish Louse Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-02 00:00:00 2002-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Ichthyobodo Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-403 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-08-31 00:00:00 2002-08-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Myxidium Infection 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-1543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-06-01 00:00:00 2005-06-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Piscinoodinium Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Diseases-275-1331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-10-07 00:00:00 2005-07-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 Sanguinicola Infection 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Anderson, I.G. and F. Shaharom-Harrison 1986 <i>Sanguinicola armata</i> infection in bighead carp (<i>Aristichthys nobilis</i>) and grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) imported in Malaysia. p. 247-250. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon and L.V. Hosillos (eds.) The first Asian Fisheries Forum. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 51771) FB-Diseases-275-17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-02-23 00:00:00 2004-02-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration SVC. Viral diseases Fijan, N. 1999 Spring viraemia of carp and other viral diseases and agents of warm-water fish. p.177-244. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48847) FB-Diseases-275-405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-02 00:00:00 2002-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trichodina Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-02 00:00:00 2002-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Trichodina Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-404 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-02 00:00:00 2002-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Trichodina Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-02 00:00:00 2002-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Trichodinella Infection 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-58 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-07-19 00:00:00 2002-07-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Trichodinosis. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-407 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-09-02 00:00:00 2002-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 Tripartiella Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-08-29 00:00:00 2002-08-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Turbidity of the Skin (Freshwater fish). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-275-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-07-19 00:00:00 2002-07-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=275&StockCode=289 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats White spot Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Habitat-275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. 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