FB-27172 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27172 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gadiformes Macrouridae Kumba Kumba punctulata Iwamoto & Sazonov, 1994 Maran indický Oman cownose ray Shorttail cownose ray Omaani härjapearai Omaanse koeneusrog Rhinoptera hainanica Chu, 1960 Rhinoptera sewelli Misra, 1947 1997-06-23 1997-06-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Randall, J.E.0 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. 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Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) FB-GeneralDescr-27176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-06-24 00:00:00 2019-09-09 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27176 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Benthopelagic in the open ocean and often aggregating in large shoals (Ref. 114953). . Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Randall, J.E. 1995 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) FB-Distribution-27176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-06-24 00:00:00 2019-09-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27176 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Indo-West Pacific: widespread; from South Africa to the Philippines; north to Ryukyu Is. and south to eastern Indonesia. However, it may comprise of two closely related species based on genetic findings where the forms possibly differ in the shape of the head and tail and robustness of the bodies. Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-LifeCycle-27176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1997-06-24 00:00:00 2019-09-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=27176&StockCode=21261 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-27176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-06-24 00:00:00 2019-09-09 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27176 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration 90.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 114953)) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-27176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-06-24 00:00:00 2019-09-09 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=27176 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy benthopelagic; marine