FB-2579 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2579 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Gymnuridae Gymnura Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Arraia Arraia baté Arraia-borboleta Arraia-caã Arraia-manteiga Borboleta Carapiaçava Raia-borboleta Raia-manteiga Raia-mariquita Raia-olho-de-ovelha Raia-olhuda Uge-borboleta Krídloun hladký Motýlovec hladký Korthalet sommerfuglerokke Butterfly ray Diamond skate Lesser butterfly ray Short-tailed butterfly ray Short-tailed lesser butterfly ray Skeete Smooth butterfly ray Sile liblikrai Perhosrausku Raie-papillon glabre Togenashi-tsubakuro-ei Thappu thirandi തപ്പു ത്തിരണ്ടി താപ്പു തിരണ്ടി  शीवता Pari gampret Pari kelawar Pari tembikar Pari temirka Pari-kelawar licin டேப்பர் குட்டீ தீருக்கை பெரும் தீருக் టెంకీ కుంసాల్  టప్పు కూటి  Bambay Khop Köppor Tundiuraeb Guayanesa Raya cola de rata Raya guayanesa Raya mariposa Raya mariposa menor Rayamariposa menor Ali yékhé Bambay Gangan Gladde vlinderrog Khop Köppor Kunkasari yékhè Mumulé Tchivéfi Tundiuraeb Zoun 小尾燕魟 Gymnura micura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Pteroplatea micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Raja micrura Bloch & Schneider, 1801 1991-05-01 2024-06-05 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-2579-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-04-28 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2579 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Gymic_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Gymic_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-06-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2579 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Prefers neritic waters of the continental shelf and usually found on soft bottoms. May enter brackish estuaries or hyper-saline lagoons (Ref. 5217). Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587); other crustaceans and clams (Ref. 27549). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Generally marketed salted (Ref. 5217). Yokota, L. and M.R. de Carvalho 2017 Taxonomic and morphological revision of butterfly rays of <i>Gymnura micrura</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) species complex, with the description of two new species (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae). Zootaxa 4332(1):1-74. (Ref. 116399) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-01-24 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2579 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Broad, diamond-shaped ray with a very short tail lacking a dorsal spine (Ref. 26938). Snout protruding. Front edges of disk concave. Tail with low dorsal and ventral finfolds and 3 - 4 dark crossbars (Ref. 7251). Upper surface gray, brown, light green or purple with round spots. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902). Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) FB-Distribution-2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2579 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Southwestern Atlantic: Venezuela, including Trinidad and Tobago, to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Yokota, L. and M.R. de Carvalho 2017 Taxonomic and morphological revision of butterfly rays of <i>Gymnura micrura</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) species complex, with the description of two new species (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae). Zootaxa 4332(1):1-74. (Ref. 116399) FB-Uses-2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-06-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2579 fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: unreliable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this order Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) FB-LifeCycle-2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-06-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2579&StockCode=2775 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-19 00:00:00 2015-03-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public micrura http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587). Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217) FB-Size-2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-06-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2579 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 137 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4439)); max. published weight: 5,250.0 g McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret 1990 Gymnuridae. p. 64-66. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4439) Teixeira, E.C., V.E.L. Silva, N.N. Fabré and V.S. Batista 2017 Length-weight relationships for four stingray species from the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:594-596. (Ref. 116956) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-06-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2579 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology demersal; brackish; marine; depth range ? - 55 m (Ref. 27549) Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick 1997 Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. Smithsonian Institution Press Washington and London. 324 p. (Ref. 27549)