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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-2574</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2574</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Myliobatiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Dasyatidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Hypanus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Hypanus sabinus (Lesueur, 1824)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Florida-pigrokke</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Atlantic Stingray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Atlantic stingray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Atlandi astelrai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Atlantinkeihäsrausku</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Raie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Floridskiy khostokol</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya enana</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya hocicona</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya látigo de espina</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Atlantische pijlstaartrog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>大西洋魟</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Dasyatis sabina (Lesueur, 1824)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Desyatis sabina (Lesueur, 1824)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Trygon sabina Lesueur, 1824</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-06-06</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2574</dc:source>
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	<mediaURL>http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dasab_u2.jpg</mediaURL>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-06-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2574</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Adults inhabit coastal waters, including estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 12951) and ascend rivers (Ref. 12951).  They feed on tube anemones, polychaete worms, small crustaceans, clams, and serpent stars (Ref. 12951).  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Parturition occurs in July and August (Ref. 27549).  Litters of 2-3 pups; gestation 4 months (Ref. 114953).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=2574'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-2574</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-02-12 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-11-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2574</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Prominent triangular snout.  Broadly rounded outer corners of disc.  Upper surface brown or yellowish brown, paler toward margins of disc.  Lower surface white (Ref. 6902).  Few scapular spines.  Middorsal row of spines present, but few on tail beyond pelvic fins (Ref. 7251).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6902&amp;speccode=2574'>Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder 1953 Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 6902)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-02 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2574</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Atlantic:  Chesapeake Bay to southern Florida in the USA and the Gulf of Mexico.  Records from South America doubtful (Ref. 7251).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12951&amp;speccode=2574'>Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-2574</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-06-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: of no interest</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6902&amp;speccode=2574'>Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder 1953 Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 6902)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-06-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
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	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2574&amp;StockCode=2770</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).  Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=2574'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-2574</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Drina Sta. Iglesia</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-10-30 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2004-09-28 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>sabinus</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabits coastal waters, including estuaries and lagoons. Ascends rivers. Feeds on tube anemones, polychaete worms, small crustaceans, clams, and serpent stars.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12951&amp;speccode=2574'>Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-2574</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-06-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2574</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>61.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6902)); max. published weight: 4,870 g (Ref. 40637)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6902&amp;speccode=2574'>Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder 1953 Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 6902)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=2574'>IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-2574</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-06-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2574</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 2 - 25 m (Ref. 55207), usually 2 - 6 m (Ref. 55207)</dc:description>
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	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55207&amp;speccode=2574'>Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: Atlantic stingray. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/AtlanticStingray/Atlanticstingray.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55207)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55207&amp;speccode=2574'>Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: Atlantic stingray. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/AtlanticStingray/Atlanticstingray.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55207)</reference></dataObject>
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