FB-252 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=252 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Osmeriformes Osmeridae Mallotus Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776) سمك ليِّن أيو Ayu Ayu Ayu Ayu sweetfish Ko-ayu Ryukyu ayu-fish Ryukyu-ayu Sweetfish Sweet-fish Aiu Aju Ayu Ayu Koayu アユ Ǔn-ǒ 은어 Aiyu Айю Ayu Ayu Hǎi tāi yú Xiāng yú 琉球香魚 琉球香鱼 香魚 香鱼 Plecoglossus altevalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis Wu & Shan, 2005 Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis Nishida, 1988 Plecoglossus ryukyuensis Nishida, 1988 Salmo altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 1990-10-17 2024-01-17 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. 1:ix, 760 p. (Ref. 63) Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Kagoshima Prefecture, Kagoshima. (http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/kurashi-kankyo/kankyo/yasei/reddata/index.html; http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/ad04/kurashi-kankyo/kankyo/yasei/reddata/animal-list4.html) (Ref. 96269) Kagoshima Prefecture (Ryukyu Islands)0 Kagoshima Red List, 2014 Revised. Kagoshima Prefecture, Kagoshima. (http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/kurashi-kankyo/kankyo/yasei/reddata/index.html; http://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/ad04/kurashi-kankyo/kankyo/yasei/reddata/animal-list4.html) (Ref. 96271) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Kim, D.-K., J.-S. Gim, J.-D. Yoon, Y. Do, G.-J. Joo and H. Jo0 Length-weight relationships of 10 freshwater fishes from the Busan Metropolitan City in South Korea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 32:1365-1367. (Ref. 115019) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta0 Culture of fish in rice fields. FAO and The WorldFish Center, 83 p. (Ref. 119549) Chong, D.-H. and D. Dudgeon0 Hong Kong stream fishes: an annotated checklist with remarks of conservation status. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society 19:79-112. (Ref. 129476) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte0 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124) FB-GeneralDescr-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Typical amphidromous fish; appears in near shore from late autumn to spring (Ref. 11230). Found in lakes and rivers, preferring clean river water and can be found the entire river long, from the head to the mouth (Ref. 12218). Ascends the river during March when the temperature is around 10°C (Ref. 12218). Adults spawn in the spring, in the lower reaches of rivers. After spawning, some adults die while others return to the sea. Larvae enter the sea immediately after hatching and remain there during winter, feeding on plankton. In springtime, the young (5-7 cm TL) move upstream to the middle reaches of rivers to feed on algae. Fish (about 6-9 cm) start schooling at the river mouth and are insectivores and eat algaeoff small pebbles (Ref. 12218); this is assisted by small leaf-like teeth which are loosely attached to the jaw with two ligaments (Ref. 45181). Those that are ready to spawn (about 20 cm TL) move downstream to the lower reaches of the river. Spawning adults from the sea migrate upstream to the lower reaches as well. Some fish spawn two or three years in succession, others only once (Ref. 9987 & 559). River forms live usually only one year whereas lake forms can live two or three years (Ref. 12218). Reaches maturity at 30-40 cm (Ref. 12218). Highly esteemed food fish. Marketed fresh and consumed fresh, fried and broiled (Ref. 9987). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-DiagnosticDescr-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2002-09-25 00:00:00 2017-03-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Pyloric caeca 350-400. Nakabo, T. 2002 Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299) FB-Morphology-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2002-09-25 00:00:00 2017-03-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=251 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 11; Analsoft rays: 14 - 15; Vertebrae: 60 - 63 Nakabo, T. 2002 Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299) FB-Distribution-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Northwest Pacific: western Hokkaido in Japan southward to the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and China. Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Uses-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: unknown; price reliability: FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service 1993 Aquaculture production (1985-1991). FAO Fish. Circ. 815, Rev. 5. 213 p. (Ref. 7306) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Migration-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692). Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte 2009 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124) FB-LifeCycle-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=251&StockCode=265 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution During spawning some fish go up the river and some fish spawn on the river shoreline above pebbles. Spawns at night and excavates a 10cm (diameter or depth?) pit. Eggs are around 1 mm in size and adhere to the sand or pebbles for 14 to 20 days before hatching. This fish is semelparous and releases eggs many times over a short period each time releasing ~10,000 eggs. Sometimes females that want to spawn but cannot, save their strength, and go to a deep stagnant pool. These females wait until spring before going up the river with young fish. After hatching, the larvae are 6 mm and flow with the water current eating plankton. Juvenile fish will come again to the river in spring. These live in schools. When schools of Plecoglossus altivelis return to their river they guard their territory and eat food (Ref. 12218).Reproductive mode varies between semelparity and iteroparity. Large females spawn once, while smaller females spawn twice during a two-week interval (Ref. 76896). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-TrophicStrategy-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-06-08 00:00:00 2006-03-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ altivelis Occurs in the upper to middle reaches of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, but also in estuaries. Usually in pools, riffles with rock base and pebbles (Ref. 41299). Feeds on cladocera, rotifer, diatom, green and blue algae (Ref. 45563). Chyung, M.-K. 1977 The fishes of Korea. Il Ji Sa Publishing Co. Seoul, Korea. 727 p. (Ref. 12218) FB-Size-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 12218)); max. reported age: 3 years (Ref. 12218) Chyung, M.-K. 1977 The fishes of Korea. Il Ji Sa Publishing Co. Seoul, Korea. 727 p. (Ref. 12218) Chyung, M.-K. 1977 The fishes of Korea. Il Ji Sa Publishing Co. Seoul, Korea. 727 p. (Ref. 12218) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-251-157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-23 00:00:00 2004-03-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=251&StockCode=265 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Aeromonosis. Bacterial diseases Aoki, T. 1999 Motile Aeromonads (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>). p.427-453. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48848) FB-Diseases-251-87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-07-08 00:00:00 2005-07-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=251&StockCode=265 Yellow Grub. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 138124); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - ? m Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte 2009 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124)