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	<dc:identifier>FB-12950</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Pleuronectiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Rhombosoleidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Rhombosolea</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Rhombosolea plebeia (Richardson, 1843)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Sortflynder</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Black flounder</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mi'>Paatikimohoao</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Rhombosolea retiaria adamas Whitley &amp; Phillipps, 1939</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-09-03</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=12951'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=12951'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-477-01427-5(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5755&amp;speccode=12951'>Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9072&amp;speccode=12951'>Annala, J.H. (comp.)0 Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 1994: stock assessments and yield estimates. Unpublished report held in MAF Fisheries Greta Point library, Wellington. 242 p. (Ref. 9072)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11115&amp;speccode=12951'>McDowall, R.M.0 Freshwater fishes and fisheries of New Zealand -The angler's el dorado. Aquat. Sci. 2(2):281-341. (Ref. 11115)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12964&amp;speccode=12951'>Yearsley, G.K., P.R. Last and G.B. Morris0 Codes for Australian Aquatic Biota (CAAB): an upgraded and expanded species coding system for Australian fisheries databases. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Report 224. CSIRO, Australia. (Ref. 12964)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-7900-0022-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13730&amp;speccode=12951'>McDowall, R.M.0 New Zealand freshwater fishes: a natural history and guide. Hinemann Reed Auckland. 553 p. (Ref. 13730)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-7099-5503-0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26213&amp;speccode=12951'>McDowall, R.M.0 Diadromy in fishes: migrations between freshwater and marine environments. Croom Helm, London. (Ref. 26213)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=12951'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=12951'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40966&amp;speccode=12951'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of December 2001. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in December 2001. (Ref. 40966)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=12951'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45493&amp;speccode=12951'>Roberts, C.D.0 Fishes of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: a trawl survey and summary of the ichthyofauna. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 25(1):1-19. (Ref. 45493)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50831&amp;speccode=12951'>Seafood Services Australia0 Australian fish names list. http://www.seafoodservices.com.au/, version 16 September 2003. (Ref. 50831)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=12951'>Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51471&amp;speccode=12951'>Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51668&amp;speccode=12951'>Evseenko, S.A.0 Family Pleuronectidae Cuvier 1816. Righteye flounders. Calif. Acad. Sci. Annotated Checklists of Fishes (37):37. (Ref. 51668)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=72381&amp;speccode=12951'>Paul, L.0 New Zealand fishes. Identification, natural history and fisheries. Reed Books, Auckland. (Ref. 72381)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89583&amp;speccode=12951'>Ministry of Fisheries0 MFish approved species codes - Table 1-4. http://www.fish.govt.nz/en-nz/International/High+Seas+Fishing/MFish+Approved+Species+Codes/MFish+Approved+Species+Codes+01.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic%2526WBCMODE (Ref. 89583)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101194&amp;speccode=12951'>Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350.  In  Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2019-09-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m.  Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072).  This species is poorly studied, fast growing and short lived (to at least 4 years) (Ref. 47621).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11115&amp;speccode=12951'>McDowall, R.M. 1990 Freshwater fishes and fisheries of New Zealand -The angler's el dorado. Aquat. Sci. 2(2):281-341. (Ref. 11115)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-12951</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-01-31 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Southwest Pacific:  endemic to New Zealand.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11115&amp;speccode=12951'>McDowall, R.M. 1990 Freshwater fishes and fisheries of New Zealand -The angler's el dorado. Aquat. Sci. 2(2):281-341. (Ref. 11115)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-12951</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12951</dc:source>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9072&amp;speccode=12951'>Annala, J.H. (comp.) 1994 Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 1994: stock assessments and yield estimates. Unpublished report held in MAF Fisheries Greta Point library, Wellington. 242 p. (Ref. 9072)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9072&amp;speccode=12951'>Annala, J.H. (comp.) 1994 Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 1994: stock assessments and yield estimates. Unpublished report held in MAF Fisheries Greta Point library, Wellington. 242 p. (Ref. 9072)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Migration-12951</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels.  Subdivision of diadromous.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=12951'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-12951</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-04-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12951</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 13730))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-7900-0022-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13730&amp;speccode=12951'>McDowall, R.M. 1990 New Zealand freshwater fishes: a natural history and guide. Hinemann Reed Auckland. 553 p. (Ref. 13730)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-12951</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; catadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=12951'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject>
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